Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI)?

$$ BMI = \frac{\text{weight (kg)}}{\text{height (m)}^2} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between essential and nonessential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet, while nonessential amino acids can be synthesized by the body.

Question 2

A vegetarian who eats dairy products but avoids eggs, meat, and fish is classified as which type of vegetarian?

Accepted Answer

Lacto-vegetarian

Question 3

Which of the following is a complete protein source?

Accepted Answer

Quinoa

Question 4

Which bond connects amino acids in a protein chain?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 5

A patient presents with edema, a swollen belly, and changes in hair color after being weaned from breast milk to a low-protein diet. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the concept of complementary proteins?

Accepted Answer

Combining two plant foods to provide all essential amino acids

Question 7

Which vitamin is an antioxidant and is destroyed by heat and exposure to oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E

Question 8

A person with a vitamin B12 deficiency is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 9

Which of the following strategies would best improve the absorption of non-heme iron from plant foods?

Accepted Answer

Consuming vitamin C-rich foods with iron sources

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$ BMI = \frac{	ext{weight (kg)}}{	ext{height (m)}^2} $$

Question 11

Which of the following is a limitation of using BMI as a measure of health?

Accepted Answer

It does not account for body fat distribution.

Question 12

Which mineral is primarily found in intracellular fluid and is important for muscle contraction and nerve transmission?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 13

A person who is at risk for osteoporosis should avoid which of the following to maximize calcium absorption?

Accepted Answer

Consuming excessive caffeine and high-oxalate foods

Question 14

Which of the following best describes oxidative stress?

Accepted Answer

An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body

Question 15

A person with a positive nitrogen balance is most likely to be:

Accepted Answer

Pregnant

Question 16

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin that is especially important for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Folate

Question 17

Which of the following is a controllable factor that can increase basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Increasing muscle mass through resistance training

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why a diet exclusively based on plant foods may increase the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 is only found in animal-derived foods.

Question 19

How many kilocalories must be expended to lose one pound of body fat?

Accepted Answer

$$ 3,500 $$ kilocalories

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between antioxidants and free radicals?

Accepted Answer

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, reducing cellular damage.

Comprehensive Study Notes: Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, and Weight Management

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