Q: A 35-year-old male wants to lose 2 pounds of fat per week. According to the energy balance equation, how many kilocalories should he aim to reduce from his daily intake, assuming no change in physical activity? (1 pound of fat = 3,500 kcal)

$$2 \times 3,500 = 7,000$$ kcal per week, so $$7,000 \div 7 = 1,000$$ kcal per day$

Q: A food contains 10 grams of fat, 20 grams of carbohydrate, and 5 grams of protein. What is the total energy content of this food in kilocalories?

$$10 \times 9 + 20 \times 4 + 5 \times 4 = 90 + 80 + 20 = 190$$ kcal

Question 1

A 35-year-old male wants to lose 2 pounds of fat per week. According to the energy balance equation, how many kilocalories should he aim to reduce from his daily intake, assuming no change in physical activity? (1 pound of fat = 3,500 kcal)

Accepted Answer

$$2 	imes 3,500 = 7,000$$ kcal per week, so $$7,000 \div 7 = 1,000$$ kcal per day$

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between satiation and satiety?

Accepted Answer

Satiation is the feeling of fullness that causes us to stop eating during a meal, while satiety is the feeling that suppresses hunger and prevents eating between meals.

Question 3

A food contains 10 grams of fat, 20 grams of carbohydrate, and 5 grams of protein. What is the total energy content of this food in kilocalories?

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 9 + 20 	imes 4 + 5 	imes 4 = 90 + 80 + 20 = 190$$ kcal

Question 4

Which hormone is produced by fat cells and is primarily responsible for increasing satiety?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 5

Which of the following statements about Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

BMR accounts for 50-65% of daily energy expenditure and is higher in individuals with more lean body mass.

Question 6

A 28-year-old woman has a BMI of 22 kg/m$$^2. $$According to BMI classifications, which category does she fall into?

Accepted Answer

Healthy weight

Question 7

Which of the following is a limitation of using BMI as the sole indicator of health status?

Accepted Answer

BMI does not distinguish between lean mass and fat mass, potentially misclassifying muscular individuals as overweight or obese.

Question 8

Which type of body fat distribution is most strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Visceral fat (central obesity, 'apple' shape)

Question 9

Which of the following factors would most likely increase a person's Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Having a fever

Question 10

A patient is trying to estimate their energy needs. Which of the following factors should they consider?

Accepted Answer

Sex, age, physical activity, body composition, and body size

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why protein is considered the most satiating macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Protein triggers the release of hormones that promote fullness and reduce subsequent food intake.

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates adaptive thermogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A person exposed to extreme cold burns extra calories to maintain body temperature.

Question 13

Calculate the BMI for a person who weighs 80 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Which category does this BMI fall into?

Accepted Answer

$$BMI = \frac{80}{(1.6)^2$} = \frac{80}{2.56} = 31.25 kg/m$^2$$; Obese

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the thermic effect of food (TEF)?

Accepted Answer

TEF is higher for high-protein foods compared to fatty foods.

Question 15

Which hormone, produced by the stomach, stimulates hunger?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 16

Why is direct calorimetry considered a 'direct' measure of food energy?

Accepted Answer

It measures the heat energy released when food is burned in a bomb calorimeter.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between BMI and mortality risk?

Accepted Answer

It is U-shaped, with increased risk at both low and high BMI values.

Question 18

Which of the following is a health risk associated with being underweight?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures

Question 19

A person with a high BMI but low waist circumference is most likely to have which type of fat distribution?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous fat (hips and thighs, 'pear' shape)

Energy Balance and Body Composition – Chapter 8 Study Notes

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