Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of energy balance in human nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Energy balance is achieved when energy intake equals energy expenditure, resulting in stable body weight.

Question 2

A person consumes 500 kcal more than their daily energy expenditure each day for one week. Approximately how much weight will they gain?

Accepted Answer

1 lb (≈0.5 kg)

Question 3

Which factor contributes the most to Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) in sedentary individuals?

Accepted Answer

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Question 4

Calculate the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for Salma, a 34-year-old female who is 1.77 m tall and weighs 77 kg, using the Harris-Benedict equation: $$BMR = 655 + 9.6 	imes 	ext{weight (kg)} + 1.8 	imes 	ext{height (cm)} - 4.8 	imes 	ext{age (years)}. $$What is her BMR?

Accepted Answer

1,573 kcal/day

Question 5

Which of the following statements about BMI is correct?

Accepted Answer

BMI should not be used for muscular individuals, pregnant women, or very short adults.

Question 6

A 77 kg individual who is 1.77 m tall has a BMI calculated as $$BMI = \frac{	ext{weight (kg)}}{	ext{height (m)}^2}. $$What is their BMI?

Accepted Answer

24.6

Question 7

Which method for estimating body fat is considered highly accurate but is time-consuming and requires submersion in water?

Accepted Answer

Underwater weighing

Question 8

What is the primary reason that rapid weight loss is discouraged in favor of slow, steady weight reduction?

Accepted Answer

Slow weight loss favors reduction of fat stores and limits loss of vital protein tissues.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Aging

Question 10

Which nutrient has the highest thermic effect of food (TEF), meaning it requires the most energy to metabolize?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 11

Which of the following statements about night eating and weight gain is supported by current evidence?

Accepted Answer

It is the total amount of calories and nutrients consumed per day that affects body weight.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)?

Accepted Answer

Walking to the car

Question 13

Which body fat distribution is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Android obesity (upper body fat)

Question 14

Which of the following is a plausible reason for the plateau effect during weight loss?

Accepted Answer

Decreased BMR caused by loss of muscle tissue and smaller body volume

Question 15

Which of the following is a recommended guideline for physical activity to support weight management?

Accepted Answer

150-300 minutes/week of moderate intensity aerobic activity

Question 16

Which of the following is a mechanism of action for GLP-1 receptor agonists used in weight loss medications?

Accepted Answer

Stimulate insulin release and suppress appetite

Question 17

Which of the following is a potential complication of bariatric surgery?

Accepted Answer

Nutritional deficiencies (B-vitamins, vitamin D, iron, calcium)

Question 18

Which of the following is a cornerstone of behavioral modification for weight management?

Accepted Answer

Self-monitoring of food intake and physical activity

Question 19

A patient with a BMI of 41 kg/m² and serious medical problems is considering bariatric surgery. Which eligibility criterion is most relevant?

Accepted Answer

Obesity Class 3 (BMI ≥40 kg/m²) or BMI ≥35 kg/m² with serious medical problems

Question 20

Which of the following is a recommended approach for managing underweight due to inadequate oral food intake?

Accepted Answer

Increase energy intake by 500-1000 kcal/day above TEE

Energy Balance and Weight Regulation: Study Guide for Nutrition Students

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