Q: A 34-year-old female, Salma, is 1.77 m tall and weighs 77 kg. Using the Harris-Benedict equation, what is her estimated Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)? $$BMR = 655 + 9.6 \times \text{weight (kg)} + 1.8 \times \text{height (cm)} - 4.8 \times \text{age (years)}$$

BMR = 655 + 9.6 \times 77 + 1.8 \times 177 - 4.8 \times 34 = 1552.6 kcal/day

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of energy balance in human nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Energy balance is achieved when energy intake equals energy output.

Question 2

A 34-year-old female, Salma, is 1.77 m tall and weighs 77 kg. Using the Harris-Benedict equation, what is her estimated Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)? $$BMR = 655 + 9.6 	imes 	ext{weight (kg)} + 1.8 	imes 	ext{height (cm)} - 4.8 	imes 	ext{age (years)}$$

Accepted Answer

BMR = 655 + 9.6 	imes 77 + 1.8 	imes 177 - 4.8 	imes 34 = 1552.6 kcal/day

Question 3

Which factor contributes the most to Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) in sedentary individuals?

Accepted Answer

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Question 4

Which of the following statements about BMI is correct?

Accepted Answer

BMI may not accurately reflect body fatness in muscular individuals.

Question 5

Calculate the BMI for an individual who is 1.77 m tall and weighs 77 kg. $$BMI = \frac{	ext{weight (kg)}}{	ext{height (m)}^2}$$

Accepted Answer

BMI = \frac{77}{$$1.77^2$$} = 24.6

Question 6

Which of the following is a limitation of skinfold thickness measurements for estimating body fat?

Accepted Answer

It is not as accurate or reproducible as other methods.

Question 7

Which of the following is a consequence of rapid weight loss?

Accepted Answer

Sharp decline in Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)?

Accepted Answer

TEF is highest for protein compared to carbohydrates and fat.

Question 9

Which method provides information about the kind of fuel being catabolized during energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Indirect calorimetry

Question 10

Which of the following is a behavioral modification strategy for weight management?

Accepted Answer

Self-monitoring food intake and physical activity

Question 11

Which of the following is a major risk associated with bariatric surgery?

Accepted Answer

Nutritional deficiencies (e.g., B-vitamins, vitamin D, iron, calcium)

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a recommended guideline for physical activity in weight management?

Accepted Answer

Focus only on high-intensity exercise for short periods.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about weight cycling (yo-yo effect) is correct?

Accepted Answer

Repeated weight loss and regain can result in increased body fat and adverse health effects.

Question 14

Which of the following is a mechanism of action for GLP-1 receptor agonists in weight loss medications?

Accepted Answer

Stimulate insulin release and suppress appetite

Question 15

Which of the following is a limitation of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for estimating body fat?

Accepted Answer

Accuracy decreases during illness, dehydration, or weight loss due to changes in body water to fat ratio.

Question 16

Which of the following factors increases Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Greater lean body mass

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)?

Accepted Answer

Walking to the car

Question 18

Which of the following is a recommended approach for managing underweight due to inadequate oral food intake?

Accepted Answer

Increase caloric intake by 500-1000 kcal/day above TEE

Question 19

Which of the following is a limitation of underwater weighing for estimating body fat?

Accepted Answer

It is time-consuming and requires individuals to be submerged in water.

Question 20

Which of the following is a health risk associated with android (upper body) obesity?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes

Energy Balance and Weight Regulation: Study Notes for Nutrition Students

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