Question 1

Which B-vitamin deficiency is most likely to occur in populations that consume polished rice as a staple food, and what is the classic disease associated with this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Thiamin; beriberi

Question 2

A patient presents with a swollen thyroid gland (goiter) and symptoms of hypothyroidism. Which mineral deficiency is most likely responsible, and what is a major dietary source to prevent this condition?

Accepted Answer

Iodine; iodized salt

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is correct?

Accepted Answer

BMR accounts for 60–75% of total energy expenditure.

Question 4

A person consumes 500 kcal less than their daily energy requirement each day. According to the energy equivalence principle, how much weight (in pounds) would they expect to lose in one week? Use the equation $$1 	ext{ lb} = 3,500 	ext{ kcal}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$1 lb$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a limitation of using Body Mass Index (BMI) as the sole indicator of healthful body weight?

Accepted Answer

BMI does not account for body composition or fat distribution.

Question 6

Which B-vitamin is especially sensitive to light and can be lost if milk is stored in clear glass bottles?

Accepted Answer

Riboflavin

Question 7

A patient who eats a large number of raw egg whites develops a red, scaly rash around the eyes, nose, and mouth. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely, and why?

Accepted Answer

Biotin; avidin in egg whites binds biotin and prevents absorption

Question 8

Which mineral enhances the action of insulin and helps regulate blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Chromium

Question 9

A person with a BMI of 32 and a waist circumference of 42 inches is at increased risk for which of the following conditions due to their fat distribution pattern?

Accepted Answer

Type II diabetes and heart disease

Question 10

Which of the following is a key function of niacin (vitamin B3) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Assists in DNA replication and cell differentiation

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a recommended evidence-based treatment for obesity?

Accepted Answer

Rapid weight loss through very low-calorie diets (\u003c800 kcal/day) without medical supervision

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of coenzymes in energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They activate enzymes, allowing chemical reactions to occur.

Question 13

A patient is prescribed a weight-loss medication that inhibits the absorption of dietary fat. Which side effect is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Intestinal cramps and oily spotting

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the thermic effect of food (TEF) is correct?

Accepted Answer

TEF is lower for highly processed foods compared to whole foods.

Question 15

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing obesity that is related to metabolic factors?

Accepted Answer

Low rate of fat use for energy

Question 16

A person is considering bariatric surgery for weight loss. Which of the following is a potential long-term complication of this treatment?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin B12

Question 17

Which of the following best describes mindful eating as a behavior modification technique for weight management?

Accepted Answer

Focusing only on eating and savoring each bite

Question 18

Which of the following methods is considered the most accurate for measuring body composition, but is also expensive and not widely available?

Accepted Answer

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Question 19

Which of the following dietary patterns is most likely to promote long-term weight loss and maintenance according to evidence-based guidelines?

Accepted Answer

A diet high in nutrient-dense foods, regular physical activity, and gradual energy deficit

Question 20

Which hormone is produced by fat cells and acts on the hypothalamus to reduce food intake and body fat?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Energy Metabolism, B-Vitamins, Minerals, and Obesity: Structured Study Notes for Nutrition Students

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