Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between intracellular and extracellular electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular electrolytes are mainly potassium and phosphate, while extracellular electrolytes are mainly sodium and chloride.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness, bone pain, and frequent fractures. Lab results show low serum calcium and vitamin D. Which of the following best explains the relationship between vitamin D and calcium in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium in the intestines, so deficiency leads to decreased calcium absorption.

Question 3

Which of the following foods is the richest source of beta-carotene?

Accepted Answer

Carrots

Question 4

Which of the following is a major function of electrolytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They help maintain fluid balance and enable nerve impulse transmission.

Question 5

A person who consumes a diet low in fruits and vegetables but high in processed foods is at increased risk for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?

Accepted Answer

Hypernatremia

Question 6

Which of the following statements about antioxidants is correct?

Accepted Answer

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, reducing cellular damage.

Question 7

Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and is essential for calcium absorption?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts in bone development?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts break down bone tissue, releasing minerals into the blood.

Question 9

A deficiency in which mineral is most likely to result in goiter?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 10

Which of the following factors would most likely decrease the percentage of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Increased body fat percentage

Question 11

A pregnant woman is advised to take folic acid supplements to prevent which of the following conditions in her baby?

Accepted Answer

Neural tube defects

Question 12

Which of the following is a pro-vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Beta-carotene

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between dehydration and heat exhaustion?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration refers to loss of body water, while heat exhaustion is a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures and inadequate fluid intake.

Question 14

Which of the following is a heme source of iron?

Accepted Answer

Beef steak

Question 15

A person is experiencing muscle cramps and confusion after running a marathon on a hot day. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia due to excessive sweating and inadequate sodium replacement

Question 16

Which of the following best explains how water moves across cell membranes in response to electrolyte concentration?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from areas of low electrolyte concentration to areas of high electrolyte concentration by osmosis.

Question 17

Which of the following vitamins acts as an antioxidant in the body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E

Question 18

Which of the following dietary changes would most likely help maintain normal blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing sodium intake and increasing potassium-rich foods

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulates body temperature through sweating

Question 20

A person with hypercalcemia is at increased risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Kidney stones

Exam 3 Study Guide: Nutrients, Electrolytes, Antioxidants, and Bone Health

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