Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general chemical structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon atom bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group.

Question 2

Which process is responsible for joining amino acids together to form a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond formation (condensation reaction)

Question 3

A person consumes 80 grams of protein in a day. If the recommended protein intake is $$0.8 	ext{ g/kg}$$ body weight and the person weighs 70 kg, did they meet the recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Yes, they consumed more than the recommended amount.

Question 4

Which of the following is a non-essential amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Alanine

Question 5

What is the primary function of the enzyme pepsin in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Initiates protein digestion in the stomach

Question 6

Which statement best explains why the 3D shape of a protein is important in biology?

Accepted Answer

It allows the protein to interact specifically with other molecules and perform its biological function.

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE about nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen balance is achieved when nitrogen intake equals nitrogen excretion.

Question 8

Which pathway is primarily responsible for converting glucose to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 9

During prolonged fasting, which fuel source is prioritized by the body?

Accepted Answer

Fat stores

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of leptin in energy balance?

Accepted Answer

Leptin decreases appetite and increases energy expenditure.

Question 11

A person wants to lose 2 pounds of body fat. If 1 pound of body fat is equivalent to approximately $$3,500$$ kcal, how many total calories must they burn to achieve this goal?

Accepted Answer

$$7,000$$ kcal

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of the 'energy pie' in human metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen Storage Rate (GSR)

Question 13

Which formula is used to estimate maximal heart rate?

Accepted Answer

$$220 - 	ext{age}$$

Question 14

Which process occurs in the mitochondria and is responsible for the majority of ATP production during aerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)

Question 15

If a person jogs 1 mile and burns approximately $$100$$ kcal per mile, how many miles must they jog to burn off 1 pound of body fat?

Accepted Answer

$$35$$ miles

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why training plateaus occur during exercise?

Accepted Answer

The body adapts to the current level of stress, requiring increased intensity or variation for further improvement.

Question 17

Which statement about aerobic and anaerobic exercise is correct?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise uses oxygen and produces more ATP per glucose molecule than anaerobic exercise.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of incomplete protein consumption?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis may be limited due to missing essential amino acids.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the storage of excess energy in the body?

Accepted Answer

Excess energy can be stored as glycogen and fat deposits.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of urea in the body?

Accepted Answer

Urea is produced in the liver to remove excess nitrogen from amino acid breakdown.

Exam II Study Guide: Nutrition Core Concepts (Chapters 6, 8, 14, 15, 16)

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