Question 1

Which of the following best defines 'nutrition' as it applies to human health?

Accepted Answer

The study of how food and its components affect the structure and function of the human body.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 3

A student reads a news article claiming that a new supplement can 'cure' all digestive disorders. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step in evaluating this claim?

Accepted Answer

Check if the claim is supported by peer-reviewed scientific research.

Question 4

Which of the following is a major goal of the U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2025–2030)?

Accepted Answer

Promote health and prevent chronic diseases across the lifespan.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the Nutrition Facts Panel on U.S. food labels is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It provides information on serving size, calories, and key nutrients per serving.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a 'functional food'?

Accepted Answer

A food that provides health benefits beyond basic nutrition due to the presence of bioactive compounds.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the digestive process from ingestion to excretion?

Accepted Answer

Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine → Rectum → Anus

Question 8

Which accessory organ produces bile, and what is the primary function of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Liver; emulsifies fats to aid in their digestion and absorption.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the role of enzymes in the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

They catalyze the breakdown of macronutrients into absorbable units.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which digestive process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine.

Question 11

Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for cellular processes.

Question 12

Which of the following foods is highest in dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Cooked lentils

Question 13

Which equation correctly calculates the percentage of calories from carbohydrates in a food item?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Percent of calories from carbohydrates} = \frac{	ext{grams of carbohydrates} 	imes 4}{	ext{total calories}} 	imes 100$$

Question 14

A food contains 30 grams of carbohydrates, 10 grams of protein, and 5 grams of fat. If the total calories are 205, what percentage of calories comes from carbohydrates? (Use $$4$$ kcal/g for carbohydrates, $$4$$ kcal/g for protein, $$9$$ kcal/g for fat.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{30 	imes 4}{205} 	imes 100 = 58.5\%$$

Question 15

Which of the following best distinguishes between natural and added sugars?

Accepted Answer

Natural sugars are found inherently in foods like fruits and milk, while added sugars are incorporated during processing or preparation.

Question 16

Which of the following is a common driver of food choices in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Taste preferences

Question 17

Which of the following is a strategy to prevent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Avoid lying down immediately after eating.

Question 18

Which process primarily occurs in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of most nutrients

Question 19

Which of the following is a sugar substitute that provides no calories?

Accepted Answer

Sucralose

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the average American diet is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It tends to be high in added sugars and saturated fats.

Foundations of Nutrition: Essential Concepts and Tools

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