Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an atom, a molecule, and a compound?

Accepted Answer

An atom is the smallest unit of an element, a molecule is made of two or more atoms, and a compound is made of two or more different elements.

Question 2

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of human body weight?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 3

Which type of chemical bond involves one atom 'stealing' an electron from another, resulting in the formation of ions?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 4

What is the main reason water is considered an excellent solvent for many biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar, allowing it to interact with and dissolve other polar molecules and ions.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why oil does not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Oil is nonpolar and water is polar, so they do not interact favorably.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Joining two monomers to form a polymer and releasing water: $$	ext{Monomer}_1 + 	ext{Monomer}_2 ightarrow 	ext{Polymer} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds are weak but important due to their large numbers in biological systems.

Question 8

A molecule of glucose ($$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6) is $$classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

A glycerol molecule linked to three fatty acids

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions

Question 11

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA provides instructions for every protein in the body.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water because its molecules form a crystal lattice with more open space.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A molecule made by linking together many similar or identical monomers.

Question 14

Which of the following functional groups is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group ($$-\mathrm{CH}_3)$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Breaking a polymer into monomers by adding a water molecule.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of an ionic compound dissolving in water?

Accepted Answer

Table salt ($$\mathrm{NaCl}) $$dissolving in water to form $$\mathrm{Na}^+$$ and $$\mathrm{Cl}^-$$ ions.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the chemical energy currency used by cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a monomer-polymer relationship?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are monomers that form proteins.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Introduction to Biomolecules and Chemistry in Nutrition

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