Q: A food contains 20g carbohydrate, 10g protein, and 5g fat. Calculate the total energy (in kcal) provided by this food. Use the following caloric values: carbohydrates = $$4 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$, protein = $$4 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}.$$

$$20 \times 4 + 10 \times 4 + 5 \times 9 = 80 + 40 + 45 = 165 \ \mathrm{kcal}$$

Q: A person consumes 2,500 kcal per day. If 60% of their calories come from carbohydrates, how many grams of carbohydrates do they consume daily? (Carbohydrates provide $$4 \ \mathrm{kcal/g})$$

$$2,500 \times 0.60 = 1,500 \ \mathrm{kcal}$$; $$1,500 \div 4 = 375 \ \mathrm{g}$$

Q: A person’s diet consists of 2,000 kcal per day: 50% from carbohydrates, 20% from protein, and the rest from fat. How many grams of fat does this person consume daily? (Fat provides $$9 \ \mathrm{kcal/g})$$

Fat kcal = $$2,000 \times 0.30 = 600$$; $$600 \div 9 = 66.7 \ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of nutritional genomics?

Accepted Answer

The study of how nutrients and genes influence each other.

Question 2

A food contains 20g carbohydrate, 10g protein, and 5g fat. Calculate the total energy (in kcal) provided by this food. Use the following caloric values: carbohydrates = $$4 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$, protein = $$4 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$20 	imes 4 + 10 	imes 4 + 5 	imes 9 = 80 + 40 + 45 = 165 \ \mathrm{kcal}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 4

A person consumes 2,500 kcal per day. If 60% of their calories come from carbohydrates, how many grams of carbohydrates do they consume daily? (Carbohydrates provide $$4 \ \mathrm{kcal/g})$$

Accepted Answer

$$2,500 	imes 0.60 = 1,500 \ \mathrm{kcal}$$; $$1,500 \div 4 = 375 \ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

DRIs are based on scientific evidence and refer to general nutrient adequacy for healthy individuals.

Question 6

Which of the following best defines 'energy density' in the context of nutrition?

Accepted Answer

The amount of energy (kcal) per weight of food.

Question 7

A breakfast contains 500 kcal and weighs 250g. What is its energy density? (Provide your answer in kcal/g)

Accepted Answer

$$500 \div 250 = 2.0 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a micronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

Accepted Answer

The average daily amount of a nutrient considered sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all (97-98%) healthy people.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of essential nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Providing color and taste to food.

Question 11

A person’s diet consists of 2,000 kcal per day: 50% from carbohydrates, 20% from protein, and the rest from fat. How many grams of fat does this person consume daily? (Fat provides $$9 \ \mathrm{kcal/g})$$

Accepted Answer

Fat kcal = $$2,000 	imes 0.30 = 600$$; $$600 \div 9 = 66.7 \ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a functional food?

Accepted Answer

Yogurt containing probiotics that provide health benefits.

Question 13

Which statement best describes the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)?

Accepted Answer

The highest daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects for almost all individuals.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

It includes both deficiencies and excesses of nutrients.

Question 15

Which of the following is a social influence on dietary choice?

Accepted Answer

Cultural traditions and parental/family influence.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about processed foods?

Accepted Answer

They are intentionally changed by the addition of substances or methods such as cooking, preserving, or milling.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a phytochemical?

Accepted Answer

Flavonoids found in plants.

Question 18

If a person consumes 1,800 kcal per day, and the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein is 10-35% of total calories, what is the minimum and maximum grams of protein they should consume? (Protein provides $$4 \ \mathrm{kcal/g})$$

Accepted Answer

Minimum: $$1,800 	imes 0.10 = 180$$; $$180 \div 4 = 45 \ \mathrm{g}$$; Maximum: $$1,800 	imes 0.35 = 630$$; $$630 \div 4 = 157.5 \ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a nutraceutical?

Accepted Answer

A food product (often in pill form) with medicinal or therapeutic effects.

Introduction to Nutrition: Core Concepts and Dietary Reference Intakes

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