Q: A food contains 10 grams of carbohydrates, 5 grams of fat, and 2 grams of protein. Calculate the total energy content of this food in kilocalories ($$kcal). $$Use the following values: carbohydrates = $$4\ kcal/g$$, fat = $$9\ kcal/g$$, protein = $$4\ kcal/g.$$

$$10 \times 4 + 5 \times 9 + 2 \times 4 = 40 + 45 + 8 = 93\ kcal$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary focus of nutrition research as a scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

Supporting health and preventing and/or treating chronic diseases

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing the primary source of energy for the brain

Question 3

A food contains 10 grams of carbohydrates, 5 grams of fat, and 2 grams of protein. Calculate the total energy content of this food in kilocalories ($$kcal). $$Use the following values: carbohydrates = $$4\ kcal/g$$, fat = $$9\ kcal/g$$, protein = $$4\ kcal/g.$$

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 4 + 5 	imes 9 + 2 	imes 4 = 40 + 45 + 8 = 93\ kcal$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about micronutrients is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with scurvy, a disease caused by a deficiency in which type of nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?

Accepted Answer

The range of energy intake from carbohydrate, fat, and protein associated with reduced risk of chronic disease

Question 7

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of fat-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

They are stored in the human body and toxicity can occur from excess intake

Question 8

A nutritionist is evaluating a new website that claims a certain supplement can cure all chronic diseases. Which of the following is the BEST first step in evaluating the credibility of this claim?

Accepted Answer

Investigate the credentials of the website sponsors and the recency of the information

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a macromineral?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulating body temperature and transporting nutrients

Question 11

A researcher is designing a study to determine the effect of a new diet on blood cholesterol levels. Which step of the scientific method comes immediately after collecting and analyzing data?

Accepted Answer

Forming a conclusion or proposing an alternative hypothesis

Question 12

Which of the following best defines the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

Accepted Answer

The average daily nutrient intake level required to meet the needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals

Question 13

Which of the following is a potential source of bias in nutrition research?

Accepted Answer

Selection bias

Question 14

A person consumes 2,000 kcal per day. According to the AMDR, 45-65% of energy should come from carbohydrates. What is the minimum number of kilocalories from carbohydrates this person should consume per day?

Accepted Answer

$$2,000 	imes 0.45 = 900\ kcal$$

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a beneficial non-nutrient compound found in foods?

Accepted Answer

Phytochemicals

Question 16

Which government agency is responsible for conducting the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)?

Accepted Answer

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)?

Accepted Answer

The average daily intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals

Question 18

Which of the following is a key goal of the Healthy People 2030 initiative?

Accepted Answer

Eliminate health disparities and achieve health equity

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of water-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

They are not stored to any extent in the human body and excess is excreted in urine

Question 20

A nutrition label states that a food contains 8 grams of fat. How many kilocalories does this fat provide? (Use $$9\ kcal/g$$ for fat.)

Accepted Answer

$$8 	imes 9 = 72\ kcal$$

Introduction to Nutrition: Science, Health, and Research Foundations

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