Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of antioxidants in the body?

Accepted Answer

They neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cellular damage.

Question 2

A 70 kg adult requires protein for tissue maintenance. According to standard recommendations, how much protein (in grams) should this person consume daily if the requirement is $$0.8 \ \mathrm{g/kg}$$ body weight?

Accepted Answer

$$56 \ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 3

Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with neural tube defects in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Folate

Question 4

A patient presents with microcytic anemia. Which nutrient deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the difference between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic metabolism produces more ATP per glucose molecule than anaerobic metabolism.

Question 6

A 25-year-old woman wants to lose 1 lb in a week. Given that $$1 \ \mathrm{lb} of $$body fat is approximately $$3500 \ \mathrm{kcal}$$, how many calories should she reduce from her daily intake to achieve this goal?

Accepted Answer

$$500 \ \mathrm{kcal}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of vitamin D in bone health?

Accepted Answer

It enhances calcium absorption in the intestines.

Question 8

A patient with a malignant tumor is advised to increase antioxidant intake. Which of the following foods would be most beneficial?

Accepted Answer

Fresh berries

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) in energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

BMR is the minimum energy required to maintain vital body functions at rest.

Question 10

Which mineral is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis and can lead to goiter if deficient?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 11

A 60 kg athlete wants to optimize muscle protein synthesis. If the recommended protein intake for athletes is $$1.2 \ \mathrm{g/kg}$$, how much protein should they consume daily?

Accepted Answer

$$72 \ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a common cause of macrocytic anemia?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 13

Which of the following behavior modification techniques is most effective for long-term weight management?

Accepted Answer

Setting realistic, incremental goals and self-monitoring progress

Question 14

Which nutrient is a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions, including those involved in protein synthesis and immune function?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate to help manage this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increase calcium and vitamin D intake

Question 16

Which of the following statements about amino acid processing in the liver is correct?

Accepted Answer

The liver converts excess amino acids into glucose via gluconeogenesis.

Question 17

Which of the following nutrients is most important for the prevention of neural tube defects during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Folate

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of chromium in human nutrition?

Accepted Answer

It enhances insulin action and glucose metabolism.

Question 19

A person with a BMI of 32 would be classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Obese

Question 20

Which of the following is a key strategy to reduce the risk of cancer through diet?

Accepted Answer

Increase intake of fruits and vegetables rich in phytochemicals

Key Topics in Nutrition: Study Guide for College Students

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