Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

Question 2

A triglyceride molecule is composed of which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Precursor for hormone synthesis such as estrogen

Question 4

Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver, and is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)

Question 5

A patient is advised to reduce their intake of saturated fats. Which of the following dietary changes would best help achieve this goal?

Accepted Answer

Replace butter with olive oil when cooking

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why trans fatty acids are considered harmful to health?

Accepted Answer

They increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol levels

Question 7

Calculate the energy provided by 15 grams of fat. Use the appropriate energy value for fat.

Accepted Answer

$$15 	imes 9 = 135$$ kcal

Question 8

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid that must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Linoleic acid (omega-6)

Question 9

During lipid digestion, what is the primary role of bile in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Emulsify dietary fats into smaller droplets

Question 10

Which of the following dietary patterns is most likely to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Increase intake of omega-3 fatty acids and decrease intake of trans fats

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrogenation?

Accepted Answer

Addition of hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fatty acids, converting them to trans fats

Question 12

A food label lists 'partially hydrogenated oil' as an ingredient. What does this indicate about the fat content?

Accepted Answer

The food contains trans fatty acids

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Structural component of cell membranes

Question 14

A person consumes a diet high in saturated fat and trans fat. Which blood lipid profile change is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased LDL and decreased HDL

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of chylomicrons in lipid transport?

Accepted Answer

Transport dietary triglycerides from the intestine to the body’s cells

Question 16

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Physical inactivity

Question 17

Which of the following foods is highest in monounsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Olive oil

Question 18

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDL for uptake into cells?

Accepted Answer

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

Question 19

A patient presents with scaly skin, poor immunity, and growth failure. Which nutrient deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Essential fatty acids

Question 20

Which of the following dietary strategies is most effective for lowering LDL cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Replace saturated fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats

Lipids: Structure, Function, Digestion, and Health Implications

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