Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between major minerals and trace minerals in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Major minerals are required in amounts greater than 100 milligrams per day and are present in the body at levels above 5 grams, while trace minerals are required in amounts less than 20 milligrams per day and are present at levels below 5 grams.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness, cramps, and irregular heartbeat after prolonged vomiting. Which mineral deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 3

Which factor increases the bioavailability of iron from plant sources?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C consumption

Question 4

A diet high in processed foods is most likely to increase the intake of which mineral, potentially leading to hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Question 5

Which equation best represents the chemical composition of fluoroapatite, the mineral that strengthens teeth?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_5$$($$PO_4)_3F$

Question 6

Which mineral is a major component of hemoglobin and myoglobin, and is essential for oxygen transport in the body?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 7

A person with a diet low in calcium and vitamin D, who also smokes and consumes excessive alcohol, is at increased risk for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 8

Which mineral acts as a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions, is important for muscle contraction, nerve conduction, and may help decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium

Question 9

Which of the following foods provides the highest percent calcium absorption according to the provided chart?

Accepted Answer

Broccoli

Question 10

A child presents with delayed growth, hair loss, loss of appetite, and impaired sense of taste. Which mineral deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Question 11

Which mineral is added to water supplies to prevent dental caries and is also found in tea and seaweed?

Accepted Answer

Fluoride

Question 12

Which mineral is required for the formation of thyroid hormone and its deficiency can lead to goiter, as shown in the provided image?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 13

Which mineral is most abundant in the human body and is primarily found in bones and teeth?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 14

Which mineral deficiency is most likely to cause microcytic anemia and poor immune function?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 15

Which mineral is a component of antioxidant enzymes, helps regulate thyroid hormones, and may help fight cancer?

Accepted Answer

Selenium

Question 16

Which mineral is a major cation inside the cell, helps maintain fluid and pH balance, and is important for muscle contraction and nerve impulse conduction?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 17

Which mineral is a cofactor for metalloenzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and is mostly found in bones and accessory organs of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Manganese

Question 18

Which mineral is required for the formation of bones and teeth, is part of DNA, RNA, and ATP, and acts as a buffer in acid–base balance?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Question 19

Which mineral improves insulin response and may help regulate blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus or prediabetes?

Accepted Answer

Chromium

Question 20

A patient presents with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and liver damage after taking high-dose supplements. Which trace mineral toxicity is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Copper

Minerals in Human Nutrition: Functions, Sources, and Health Implications

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