Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water is essential for temperature regulation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water's high heat capacity allows it to absorb and release heat slowly, stabilizing body temperature.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle cramps, confusion, and a history of excessive water intake during a marathon. Laboratory tests reveal low blood sodium levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 3

Which mineral is most directly involved in muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 4

A 55-year-old woman is concerned about osteoporosis. Which combination of lifestyle changes would most effectively reduce her risk?

Accepted Answer

Increase calcium and vitamin D intake, perform regular weight-bearing exercise, avoid smoking and excessive alcohol.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the primary function of iron in the body?

Accepted Answer

Component of hemoglobin for oxygen transport.

Question 6

A child develops goiter and cognitive impairment due to a deficiency of which mineral?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 7

Which of the following is a limitation of using Body Mass Index (BMI) as a measure of health?

Accepted Answer

BMI does not distinguish between fat and muscle mass.

Question 8

Calculate the BMI for an individual who weighs 180 pounds and is 5 feet 10 inches tall. Use the formula $$ BMI = \frac{weight\ (lb)}{height\ (in)^2$} 	imes 703 .$$

Accepted Answer

BMI = 25.8

Question 9

A person wants to lose 2 pounds per week. Approximately how many calories must they reduce from their daily intake to achieve this goal? (Assume 1 pound of body fat = 3,500 calories.)

Accepted Answer

$$ 1,000 $$ calories/day

Question 10

Which of the following is the largest component of daily energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 11

A 35-year-old male with a BMI of 42 and type 2 diabetes has failed to lose weight with diet and exercise. Which intervention is most appropriate to consider next?

Accepted Answer

Bariatric surgery

Question 12

Which eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating without regular compensatory behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Binge eating disorder

Question 13

Which of the following is a core principle of food safety that helps prevent cross-contamination?

Accepted Answer

Separate raw meats from other foods

Question 14

Improperly canned low-acid foods are most likely to cause which foodborne illness?

Accepted Answer

Botulism

Question 15

Which of the following food additives is used to preserve color in dried fruits but may trigger asthma symptoms in sensitive individuals?

Accepted Answer

Sulfites

Question 16

A pregnant woman is advised to avoid certain foods to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. Which of the following should she avoid?

Accepted Answer

Unpasteurized cheeses

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the temperature danger zone where bacteria multiply rapidly?

Accepted Answer

$$ 40^\circ F  to$$ $$ 140^\circ F $$

Question 18

Which of the following strategies is most effective for increasing satiety and supporting healthy weight management?

Accepted Answer

Consuming fiber-rich foods and balanced meals with protein, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates.

Question 19

Which mineral acts as a cofactor for over 300 enzyme reactions and is essential for muscle relaxation?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium

Question 20

A food label lists 'Red 40' and 'Yellow 5' among its ingredients. What is the primary purpose of these additives, and what is a potential concern?

Accepted Answer

They add or restore color; some dyes have been linked to hyperactivity in sensitive children.

Minerals, Water, Weight Management, and Food Safety: Study Guide

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