Q: A 70 kg adult requires approximately how much protein per day, based on the general recommendation of $$0.8 \mathrm{g}$$ protein per kg body weight?

$$0.8 \times 70 = 56 \mathrm{g}$$

Q: Which of the following equations correctly describes nitrogen balance?

$$\text{Nitrogen intake} = \text{Nitrogen excreted}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Main energy source for cells

Question 2

A patient is experiencing bloating and diarrhea after consuming dairy products. Which enzyme deficiency is most likely responsible, and what is the resulting condition called?

Accepted Answer

Lactase deficiency; lactose intolerance

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of maltose from two glucose molecules?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{glucose} + \mathrm{glucose} \rightarrow \mathrm{maltose}$$

Question 4

Which type of dietary fiber is most effective at lowering blood cholesterol, and in which foods is it commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber; found in oats, beans, and fruits

Question 5

A food label lists the following: 10g total fat, 3g saturated fat, 2g polyunsaturated fat, and 1g monounsaturated fat. How many grams of trans fat are present?

Accepted Answer

$$10 - (3 + 2 + 1) = 4$$ grams

Question 6

Which of the following statements about LDL and HDL cholesterol is correct?

Accepted Answer

LDL is 'bad' cholesterol that can deposit in arteries and increase heart disease risk

Question 7

Which of the following fatty acids is considered essential and must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

Question 8

A 70 kg adult requires approximately how much protein per day, based on the general recommendation of $$0.8 \mathrm{g}$$ protein per kg body weight?

Accepted Answer

$$0.8 	imes 70 = 56 \mathrm{g}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a complete protein?

Accepted Answer

A protein that contains all essential amino acids in adequate amounts

Question 10

Which process describes how environmental factors, including nutrition, influence gene expression without changing the DNA itself?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetics

Question 11

Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to cause night blindness?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 12

A patient presents with fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath. Blood tests reveal low hemoglobin and small, pale red blood cells. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Microcytic anemia due to iron deficiency

Question 13

Which mineral is most important for maintaining healthy bones and teeth, and what is the recommended maximum amount to consume at one time for optimal absorption?

Accepted Answer

Calcium; 500 mg

Question 14

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin, and what is a key characteristic of water-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C; easily destroyed by heat and light

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly describes nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Nitrogen intake} = 	ext{Nitrogen excreted}$$

Question 16

Which of the following foods is highest in heme iron, and why is heme iron important?

Accepted Answer

Beef; heme iron is better absorbed than non-heme iron

Question 17

Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D; calcium absorption

Question 18

A patient is at risk for osteoporosis. Which dietary recommendation would best help prevent this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increase calcium and vitamin D intake

Question 19

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils

Question 20

Which of the following minerals is classified as a macro-mineral and is important for fluid balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

NSC-150 Nutrition Exam Study Guide: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, and Minerals

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