Q: Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Which equation best represents the movement of water across a cell membrane?

$$\text{Water moves from low solute concentration to high solute concentration}$$

Question 1

Which of the following individuals is most likely to have the highest percent composition of body fluid?

Accepted Answer

A lean 25-year-old male

Question 2

True or False: Most of the fluid in the body is found in the blood. If false, choose the answer that best corrects the statement.

Accepted Answer

False, most of the fluid is found inside the cells of the body.

Question 3

Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Which equation best represents the movement of water across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water moves from low solute concentration to high solute concentration}$$

Question 4

Overhydration can lead to dangerous electrolyte imbalances. What is the primary risk associated with overhydration?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia (low sodium)

Question 5

Which population(s) are most at risk for dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Elderly individuals and infants

Question 6

Which of the following statements about antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are correct?

Accepted Answer

ADH acts on the kidneys, is released in response to high blood solute concentration, and reduces urine output

Question 7

Which of the following would increase the amount of water an individual needs to consume?

Accepted Answer

Living in a hot climate, pregnancy status, and participating in a cardio exercise class

Question 8

True or False: Sugary and caffeinated beverages should be counted towards the RDA for water. If false, choose the answer that best corrects the statement.

Accepted Answer

False, water from caffeinated beverages can be counted but not water from beverages with high amounts of added sugar.

Question 9

Electrolytes are best described as:

Accepted Answer

Electrically charged ions dissolved in body fluids.

Question 10

Which two major minerals are important electrolytes for nerve function?

Accepted Answer

Potassium & Sodium

Question 11

What is the CDRR (Chronic Disease Risk Reduction) for sodium?

Accepted Answer

2300 mg

Question 12

Which of the following foods would be a good source of potassium?

Accepted Answer

Cantaloupe

Question 13

True or False: Hyperkalemia can occasionally occur from eating excessive amounts of food that are high in potassium. If false, choose the answer that best corrects the statement.

Accepted Answer

False, hyperkalemia is rare, but can occur if taking too many supplements.

Question 14

Hypertension is defined as having a blood pressure over which value?

Accepted Answer

$$130/80\ 	ext{mmHg}$$

Question 15

Diuretics are often given as a first line of defense against hypertension. Why could diuretics potentially reduce hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Diuretics cause the body to increase urine production, lowering blood volume and aiding in the removal of sodium in the urine.

Question 16

Which minerals, thought to decrease risk for hypertension, are plentiful in the DASH diet?

Accepted Answer

Potassium, magnesium, & calcium

Question 17

Where in the body is most alcohol processed by alcohol dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 18

The options below show the reactants, products, and enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism. Which option indicates the correct order for alcohol metabolism in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Ethanol} ightarrow 	ext{ADH} ightarrow 	ext{Acetaldehyde} ightarrow 	ext{ALDH} ightarrow 	ext{Acetate}$$

Question 19

Alcohol poisoning is most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Depression of signals in the respiratory center of the brain

Question 20

True or False: Alcohol consumed early in pregnancy, even before the mother knows she is pregnant, can lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. If false, choose the answer that best corrects the statement.

Accepted Answer

True

Nutrients Involved in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Water, Minerals, and Alcohol

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