Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors are cancerous and can metastasize, while benign tumors are not cancerous and do not invade other tissues.

Question 2

Which stage of carcinogenesis is characterized by the uncontrolled division of genetically altered cells, often lasting for years before a tumor is detectable?

Accepted Answer

Promotion

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor that does not invade other tissues and whose cells adhere to one another. What type of tumor is this?

Accepted Answer

Benign

Question 4

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cancer?

Accepted Answer

Tobacco use

Question 5

Which infectious agent is directly linked to the development of cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 6

Acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, is most likely to be found in which of the following foods?

Accepted Answer

Potato chips cooked at high temperatures

Question 7

Which dietary recommendation is most effective in reducing the risk of several types of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Consume a high intake of fruits and vegetables

Question 8

Which of the following best explains how antioxidants may reduce cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

By preventing oxidative damage to cells

Question 9

A 45-year-old male with a family history of prostate cancer wants to reduce his risk. Which strategy is LEAST likely to help?

Accepted Answer

Consuming a diet high in processed meats

Question 10

Which of the following statements about cancer promoters is correct?

Accepted Answer

Promoters increase cell division but do not directly cause cancer.

Question 11

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for cancer prevention according to dietary guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Choose whole grains instead of refined grains

Question 12

A patient presents with unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and a nagging cough. What is the most appropriate next step?

Accepted Answer

Evaluate with blood tests and diagnostic scans

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of an oncologist?

Accepted Answer

A physician who specializes in cancer treatment

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Sudden improvement in energy

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why energy (calorie) restriction may reduce cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

It improves energy metabolism and reduces oxidative damage

Question 16

Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for cancer?

Accepted Answer

Family history of cancer

Question 17

Which of the following compounds found in processed meats is classified as a probable human carcinogen?

Accepted Answer

Nitrites and nitrates

Question 18

Which of the following best describes metastasis in cancer progression?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells invade adjacent tissues and spread to other parts of the body

Question 19

Which of the following is a benefit of consuming a diet high in fiber for cancer prevention?

Accepted Answer

Fiber helps move potential carcinogens through the digestive tract more quickly

Question 20

Which of the following is a recommended amount of moderate physical activity per week to help reduce cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

$$150 to$$ $$300$$ minutes

Nutrition and Cancer: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Dietary Strategies

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