Question 1

Which of the following best explains why athletes are at increased risk for iron deficiency compared to non-athletes?

Accepted Answer

Athletes experience increased iron losses through sweat, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hemolysis during intense exercise.

Question 2

A marathon runner is planning her pre-race meal. According to the recommendations, which macronutrient distribution is most appropriate 2-3 hours before the event?

Accepted Answer

60-70% carbohydrates, moderate protein, low fat

Question 3

Which of the following best describes 'sports anemia' as seen in endurance athletes?

Accepted Answer

A temporary reduction in hemoglobin concentration caused by increased plasma volume, not a true anemia.

Question 4

A female athlete presents with amenorrhea, low bone density, and a history of restrictive eating. Which condition is she most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Female Athlete Triad

Question 5

During a 2-hour soccer match in hot, humid weather, a player drinks only water and experiences confusion and muscle cramps. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia from excessive water intake without electrolyte replacement

Question 6

Which of the following is a primary function of water during physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen and nutrients to muscles and removing waste products

Question 7

An athlete wants to maximize glycogen storage before a marathon. Which strategy is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate loading by increasing carbohydrate intake several days prior to the event

Question 8

Which of the following statements about carbohydrate loading is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is only beneficial for endurance athletes participating in events longer than 90 minutes.

Question 9

A 70-kg athlete is recommended to consume 30-60 g of carbohydrates per hour during endurance exercise. If he exercises for 3 hours and consumes 50 g per hour, how many total grams of carbohydrates does he ingest?

Accepted Answer

$$50 	imes 3 = 150$$ grams

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a reason why B vitamins are important for athletes?

Accepted Answer

They help prevent oxidative damage during exercise.

Question 11

A student loses about 4.5 cups of water per day at rest in a temperate climate. Which physiological processes account for this water loss?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation from the skin and lungs

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between hydration and the body's ability to dissipate heat during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Adequate hydration enhances the body's ability to lose heat through sweat evaporation.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key risk associated with the Female Athlete Triad?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mineral density leading to osteoporosis

Question 14

An athlete's diet should generally provide what proportion of total energy from fat, according to recommendations?

Accepted Answer

20-35%

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in hyponatremia during physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Consuming large amounts of water without adequate sodium replacement during prolonged exercise

Question 16

A 65-kg athlete is planning her post-exercise recovery. Which combination of nutrients is most important to consume after endurance exercise?

Accepted Answer

Fluids, electrolytes, carbohydrates, and protein

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of dehydration during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of heat-related illness and impaired performance

Question 18

Why are antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C and E important for athletes?

Accepted Answer

They help protect cells from oxidative damage caused by increased oxygen use during exercise.

Question 19

A sports bar label lists added vitamins and minerals. Why is it important for athletes to read such labels carefully?

Accepted Answer

To ensure they are not exceeding recommended intakes of certain nutrients

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the recommended macronutrient distribution for athletes?

Accepted Answer

45-65% carbohydrates, 20-35% fat, 10-35% protein

Nutrition and Physical Activity: Key Concepts for College Nutrition Students

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