Q: Calculate the percentage of energy obtained from protein in a serving of yogurt that contains 15 grams of protein and 80 total kilocalories. Use the formula: $$\left(\frac{\#\,\text{kilocalories from protein}}{\text{total kilocalories per serving}}\right) \times 100$$

$$\left(\frac{15 \times 4}{80}\right) \times 100 = 60\%$$

Q: Which of the following equations correctly calculates the number of kilocalories from fat in a food item containing 10 grams of fat?

$$10 \times 9 = 90$$ kilocalories

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of digested nutrients into the bloodstream and lymphatic system

Question 2

A patient presents with persistent heartburn, regurgitation, and frequent coughing. Which disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 3

Calculate the percentage of energy obtained from protein in a serving of yogurt that contains 15 grams of protein and 80 total kilocalories. Use the formula: $$\left(\frac{\#\,	ext{kilocalories from protein}}{	ext{total kilocalories per serving}}ight) 	imes 100$$

Accepted Answer

$$\left(\frac{15 	imes 4}{80}ight) 	imes 100 = 60\%$$

Question 4

Which of the following dietary modifications is most likely to reduce the risk of developing colon cancer?

Accepted Answer

Consuming a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Question 5

Which organ is responsible for exporting nutrients to other tissues during the fasted state?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 6

A person with celiac disease must avoid foods containing which of the following proteins?

Accepted Answer

Gluten

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why a high-fiber diet can help prevent diverticulitis?

Accepted Answer

Fiber promotes regular bowel movements, reducing pressure in the colon

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the number of kilocalories from fat in a food item containing 10 grams of fat?

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 9 = 90$$ kilocalories

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of food allergies?

Accepted Answer

Lower abdominal pain with alternating constipation and diarrhea

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the mechanical movement of food through the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Which combination of factors is most likely to exacerbate their symptoms?

Accepted Answer

High-fat diet and chronic stress

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Bile emulsifies fats, increasing their surface area for enzyme action

Question 13

Which of the following statements about metabolic homeostasis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It occurs when nutrient intake and energy expenditure are in equilibrium

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct definition of a kilocalorie?

Accepted Answer

The amount of energy required to heat 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why celiac disease can lead to nutritional deficiencies?

Accepted Answer

It damages the villi in the small intestine, reducing nutrient absorption

Question 16

A food contains 5 grams of carbohydrate, 2 grams of protein, and 1 gram of fat. Calculate the total kilocalories in this food using the appropriate conversion factors.

Accepted Answer

$$5 	imes 4 + 2 	imes 4 + 1 	imes 9 = 33$$ kilocalories

Question 17

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for managing symptoms of GERD?

Accepted Answer

Remain upright for at least three hours after a meal

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy in the context of human nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in chemical bonds of nutrients, while kinetic energy is the energy used for movement and biological processes

Question 19

Which of the following is a primary function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Reabsorption of water and electrolytes

Question 20

A patient with a history of alternating constipation and diarrhea, lower abdominal pain, and nausea is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Diverticulitis

Nutrition and the Human Body: Digestion, Energy, and Disorders

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