Question 1

Which of the following trace minerals is essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin and is directly involved in oxygen transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of scurvy, including bleeding gums and poor wound healing. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible, and what is its role in collagen formation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C; it is required for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the composition of healthy bone?

Accepted Answer

Primarily composed of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals (calcium and phosphate).

Question 4

During bone remodeling, which cells are responsible for bone resorption, and which hormone stimulates their activity?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; stimulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Question 5

Which of the following sets correctly lists the three major minerals necessary for healthy bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium

Question 6

A person with a vitamin K deficiency is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms related to blood health?

Accepted Answer

Impaired blood clotting and increased bleeding risk

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the difference between a food infection and a food intoxication?

Accepted Answer

Food infection is caused by consuming live pathogens that grow in the body, while food intoxication is caused by consuming toxins produced by microbes in food.

Question 8

Which microorganism is most commonly associated with foodborne illness from undercooked poultry, and what is the recommended minimum internal cooking temperature for poultry?

Accepted Answer

Salmonella; $$74^\circC$$ ($$165^\circF)$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a benefit of irradiation as a food preservation technique?

Accepted Answer

It destroys pathogens without significantly raising the temperature of the food.

Question 10

Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the food chain is a concern because:

Accepted Answer

POPs are fat-soluble and accumulate in animal tissues, increasing in concentration at higher trophic levels.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH) is correct?

Accepted Answer

rBGH is used to increase milk production in dairy cows.

Question 12

A patient is diagnosed with anemia due to a deficiency in a vitamin necessary for DNA synthesis in red blood cell precursors. Which vitamin is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 13

Which of the following is a risk associated with the use of chemical preservatives in food?

Accepted Answer

Some individuals may experience allergic reactions or sensitivities.

Question 14

Which trace mineral is necessary for the absorption and utilization of iron in the body and also plays a role in the formation of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Copper

Question 15

A foodborne outbreak is traced to a bacterium that produces a heat-stable toxin in improperly stored potato salad. Which microorganism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and conventionally (chemically) grown foods?

Accepted Answer

Organic foods are grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers, while conventional foods may use these chemicals.

Question 17

Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the intestines and thus critical for bone health?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 18

A 60-kg adult requires 8 mg of iron per day. If their diet provides only 5 mg per day, what percentage of their daily iron requirement are they meeting? Use the formula: $$	ext{Percentage met} = \frac{	ext{intake}}{	ext{requirement}} 	imes 100$$

Accepted Answer

$$62.5\%$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a major risk associated with the overuse of antibiotics in food-producing animals, such as those leading to MRSA?

Accepted Answer

Development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can infect humans

Question 20

Which of the following vitamins is necessary for the synthesis of prothrombin, a key protein in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Nutrition Exam 4 Study Guide: Blood, Bone Health, and Food Safety

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