Q: A meal contains 60 grams of carbohydrates, 20 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat. Calculate the total kilocalories in the meal using the appropriate energy values for each macronutrient.

$$60 \times 4 + 20 \times 4 + 10 \times 9 = 410$$ kilocalories

Q: Given a 2,000 kilocalorie diet, calculate the recommended kilocalorie range from fat using the AMDR (20–35%).

$$2,000 \times 0.20 = 400$$ kcal to $$2,000 \times 0.35 = 700$$ kcal

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot make it or cannot make enough of it.

Question 2

A meal contains 60 grams of carbohydrates, 20 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat. Calculate the total kilocalories in the meal using the appropriate energy values for each macronutrient.

Accepted Answer

$$60 	imes 4 + 20 	imes 4 + 10 	imes 9 = 410$$ kilocalories

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a phytochemical?

Accepted Answer

Lycopene found in tomatoes

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the ABCD method of nutritional assessment is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dietary assessment involves evaluating food and beverage intake.

Question 5

A researcher wants to study the relationship among age, gender, activity level, alcohol consumption, and body weight among university students at a single point in time. Which type of study design is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional study

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a red flag for unreliable nutrition information?

Accepted Answer

Recommendations based on peer-reviewed research

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between balance and moderation in a healthy diet?

Accepted Answer

Balance is consuming the right proportions of foods from all groups; moderation is not eating too much or too little of any food.

Question 8

Given a 2,000 kilocalorie diet, calculate the recommended kilocalorie range from fat using the AMDR (20–35%).

Accepted Answer

$$2,000 	imes 0.20 = 400$$ kcal to $$2,000 	imes 0.35 = 700$$ kcal

Question 9

Which government agency is responsible for certifying foods grown and processed organically in the United States?

Accepted Answer

USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)

Question 10

Which of the following is a structure/function claim?

Accepted Answer

"Calcium builds strong bones."

Question 11

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 12

Which organ is primarily responsible for removing excess urea from the body, and what are its two main roles?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys; filtration of blood and regulation of fluid balance

Question 13

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion in nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Movement of nutrients from high to low concentration with the help of a carrier protein, without energy

Question 14

Which digestive enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 15

What is the pH of stomach acid, and how does it compare to the pH of pure water?

Accepted Answer

Stomach acid: $$pH \approx 2$$; Water: $$pH = 7$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the gall bladder in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Stores and releases bile into the small intestine

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about food labels in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Ingredients are listed in descending order by weight.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a chronic disease?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Question 19

Which vitamin is synthesized by gut bacteria in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 20

A food product labeled as "fat free" may contain up to how many grams of fat per serving according to FDA regulations?

Accepted Answer

0.5 grams

Nutrition Exam Study Guide: Step-by-Step Guidance

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