Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main limitation of observational studies in nutrition research?

Accepted Answer

They cannot establish causation between variables.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct order of events during the digestion and absorption of dietary carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase action → Pancreatic amylase action → Brush border enzyme activity → Absorption as monosaccharides

Question 3

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis converts glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a net gain of 2 ATP.

Question 4

A patient is following a time-restricted eating pattern, consuming all calories between 12 pm and 8 pm. Which hormone is likely to be elevated during the fasting period from 8 pm to 12 pm the next day?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 5

Which of the following best describes gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as amino acids and lactate.

Question 6

Which of the following is a key molecule that links glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and fatty acid oxidation?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of dietary proteins in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 8

A person has not eaten for 24 hours. Which metabolic pathway is most active in maintaining blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It directly produces glucose from pyruvate.

Question 10

Which of the following amino acids can be used to synthesize glucose via gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Alanine

Question 11

Which process is most active in the liver immediately after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of bile in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It emulsifies dietary fats, increasing their surface area for enzyme action.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence for lipid mobilization in the fasted state?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis → Beta-oxidation → Acetyl-CoA formation → Ketone synthesis

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the fed-fast cycle is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It is mainly regulated by cortisol.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in nutrition research?

Accepted Answer

Participants are randomly assigned to intervention or control groups.

Question 16

Which of the following is a recommended dietary intake value that meets the needs of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group?

Accepted Answer

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Question 17

Which of the following is the main site of energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the CER (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning) framework used in scientific communication?

Accepted Answer

A method for structuring scientific arguments by stating a claim, supporting it with evidence, and explaining the reasoning.

Question 19

Which of the following is a product of beta-oxidation of fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 20

A person consumes a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. Which metabolic pathway is likely to be upregulated to maintain blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Nutrition Midterm Study Guidance: Key Concepts and Practice Questions

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