Question 1

Which of the following best describes a functional food?

Accepted Answer

A food that provides health benefits beyond basic nutrition.

Question 2

Which phytochemical group is primarily responsible for the yellow-orange pigments in plants and is associated with reduced risk of certain cancers and eye diseases?

Accepted Answer

Carotenoids

Question 3

A nutritionist recommends increasing intake of anthocyanidins to help protect against cardiovascular disease. Which of the following foods would be the best source?

Accepted Answer

Blueberries

Question 4

Which of the following statements about alliums is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

They boost the activity of cancer-destroying enzymes and prevent gut bacteria from converting nitrates to nitrites.

Question 5

A patient is concerned about estrogen exposure and its link to cancer. Which phytochemical group found in cruciferous vegetables may help by inactivating estrogen?

Accepted Answer

Indoles

Question 6

Which of the following is a suggested benefit of consuming phytoestrogens such as isoflavones and lignins?

Accepted Answer

Blocking estrogen receptors and potentially protecting against certain cancers and osteoporosis

Question 7

A dietitian is designing a meal plan to maximize phytochemical intake. Which of the following strategies is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Choosing fruits and vegetables with every colour of the rainbow and including whole grains

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the synergistic effect of whole grains in a phytochemical-rich diet?

Accepted Answer

The wide variety of nutrients and phytochemicals in whole grains work together to enhance health benefits.

Question 9

A person wants to increase their intake of plant-based proteins and phytochemicals. Which combination of foods would best achieve this goal?

Accepted Answer

Beans, peas, nuts, and seeds

Question 10

Which of the following statements about cocoa is TRUE based on the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Cocoa is rich in polyphenols and minerals such as magnesium, zinc, copper, and iron.

Question 11

A food scientist is developing a new functional food product. Which of the following ingredients would most likely be added to increase its content of polyphenols?

Accepted Answer

Grape juice

Question 12

Which of the following is a zoochemical?

Accepted Answer

A health-promoting substance found in animal foods

Question 13

A patient is at risk for cardiovascular disease. Which phytochemical-rich food would be most beneficial to include in their diet based on antioxidant properties?

Accepted Answer

Red wine

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which indoles may reduce cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

They inactivate estrogen and stimulate detoxifying enzymes.

Question 15

A nutrition label claims a food is 'phytochemical-fortified.' According to the study materials, what is a recommended approach to such foods?

Accepted Answer

Add them to the diet with caution.

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the calculation of total phytochemical intake from a meal containing three foods with known phytochemical content $$P_1$$, $$P_2$$, and $$P_3$$?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{total} = P_1$ + P_2$ + P_3$

Question 17

A person consumes a meal with 200 mg of polyphenols, 150 mg of carotenoids, and 50 mg of indoles. What is their total phytochemical intake from this meal?

Accepted Answer

$$200 + 150 + 50 = 400 mg$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why eating a variety of coloured fruits and vegetables is recommended for maximizing phytochemical intake?

Accepted Answer

Different colours indicate the presence of different phytochemicals with unique health benefits.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a suggested benefit of consuming carotenoids?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cancer

Question 20

A person wants to make a 'mega health food chocolate' as described in the study materials. Which of the following ingredients is NOT part of the recommended recipe?

Accepted Answer

Cadbury mini eggs

Phytochemicals and Functional Foods: Health Benefits and Dietary Sources

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