Q: A 170-pound male wants to calculate his daily protein needs using the recommended range of 1.2–1.6 grams per kilogram body weight. What is the minimum amount of protein he should consume per day?

$$170 \div 2.2 = 77 kg$$; $$77 \times 1.2 = 92$$ grams

Q: Which equation represents the calculation for nitrogen balance?

$$\text{Nitrogen balance} = \text{Nitrogen intake} - \text{Nitrogen excretion}$$

Question 1

Which component of the amino acid structure determines its unique properties and function?

Accepted Answer

The R-group (side chain)

Question 2

A protein is denatured by heat, but its peptide bonds remain intact. What is the consequence of this denaturation?

Accepted Answer

The protein loses its three-dimensional structure and function

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the transfer of an amine group from one amino acid to a carbon skeleton to form a new amino acid, and which vitamin is required?

Accepted Answer

Transamination; Vitamin B6

Question 4

A 170-pound male wants to calculate his daily protein needs using the recommended range of 1.2–1.6 grams per kilogram body weight. What is the minimum amount of protein he should consume per day?

Accepted Answer

$$170 \div 2.2 = 77 kg$$; $$77 	imes 1.2 = 92$$ grams

Question 5

Which of the following is a complete protein source?

Accepted Answer

Eggs

Question 6

What is the primary function of albumin in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 7

Which scenario best illustrates mutual supplementation?

Accepted Answer

Combining rice and beans to provide all essential amino acids

Question 8

A child presents with edema, especially in the abdominal area, and some muscle wasting. Which protein deficiency disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

What happens to excess nitrogen from amino acid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to urea in the liver and excreted in urine

Question 11

Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 12

A vegan diet may be low in which of the following nutrients, requiring careful planning?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 13

Which process occurs in the stomach during protein digestion?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin breaks peptide bonds after denaturation by acid

Question 14

Which of the following is a risk associated with high-protein diets, especially from animal sources?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of kidney disease

Question 15

Which equation represents the calculation for nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Nitrogen balance} = 	ext{Nitrogen intake} - 	ext{Nitrogen excretion}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of Vitamin B6 in amino acid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It is required for transamination and deamination reactions

Question 17

Which scenario would most likely result in a negative nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

A person with severe burns and trauma

Question 18

Which of the following statements about protein supplements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Whole foods are preferred over supplements because they provide additional nutrients

Question 19

Which of the following is a benefit commonly associated with vegetarian diets?

Accepted Answer

Lower risk of heart disease

Question 20

Which of the following is a secondary function of protein in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Energy production (4 kcals/gram)

Proteins: Structure, Function, Digestion, and Dietary Considerations

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