Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The specific sequence and order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, which is caused by a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin. Which level of protein structure is directly altered by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a good dietary source of protein?

Accepted Answer

Cucumber

Question 4

Which of the following statements is unique to proteins and does NOT apply to carbohydrates or lipids?

Accepted Answer

They contain an abundance of nitrogen.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a potential fate of amino acids absorbed from dietary proteins?

Accepted Answer

Stored in the liver for later use.

Question 6

Which process allows the body to efficiently produce nonessential amino acids by transferring an amino group from one molecule to another?

Accepted Answer

Transamination

Question 7

How many of the 20 amino acids used to build human proteins are considered essential in our diet?

Accepted Answer

9

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding protein denaturation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation causes proteins to lose their function by altering their shape.

Question 9

Which of the following is a direct example of nutrigenomics?

Accepted Answer

A researcher’s theory that a high-fat diet may increase the expression of genes linked with inflammation.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about essential amino acids is true?

Accepted Answer

A conditionally essential amino acid is not essential for most of the population but may become essential due to an individual’s inability to synthesize it.

Question 11

A diet that is very high in carbohydrates, fiber, and fats but low in protein may cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired immune function, and therefore increased susceptibility to disease.

Question 12

Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of ribosomes during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes help link the amino acids together by facilitating the formation of peptide bonds with each other.

Question 13

Which of the following is the most likely symptom of not having enough protein in your body?

Accepted Answer

Your tissues may become swollen (edema) as there isn’t enough protein in the blood to draw fluid back in.

Question 14

Which of the following foods should vegetarians prioritize to get enough protein in their diet?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains, nuts, seeds, and beans

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding protein-quality is true?

Accepted Answer

A protein that contains all 9 essential amino acids and is easily digestible is considered high quality.

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the removal of the amine group from an amino acid before it is used for energy?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a primary energy storage molecule

Question 18

Which of the following is a likely consequence of a chronic protein deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why kwashiorkor causes severe edema (swelling)?

Accepted Answer

There isn’t enough protein to draw fluid back into the blood, causing it to accumulate in tissues.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a method that can cause protein denaturation in food?

Accepted Answer

Storing milk in the refrigerator

Proteins: Structure, Function, Digestion, and Dietary Guidelines

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