Question 1

Which component of an amino acid is responsible for its unique chemical properties and function?

Accepted Answer

The side chain (R-group)

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the acid group of another

Question 3

During protein synthesis, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Transcription copies DNA to mRNA, which is then translated into protein at the ribosome

Question 4

Which level of protein structure is primarily responsible for the protein’s three-dimensional shape and function?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 5

What is the main consequence of protein denaturation in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

The protein loses its three-dimensional structure, exposing peptide bonds for enzymatic digestion

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hormone and enzyme production

Question 7

A child presents with edema, especially in the abdominal area, and some muscle wasting. Which protein-related disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Question 8

Which process describes the transfer of an amine group from one amino acid to a carbon skeleton to form a new amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Transamination

Question 9

A vegan athlete wants to ensure adequate intake of all essential amino acids. Which strategy should they use?

Accepted Answer

Combine complementary plant proteins, such as rice and beans

Question 10

Calculate the protein requirement for a 60 kg adult using the recommended range of 1.2–1.6 g/kg/day. What is the minimum daily protein intake?

Accepted Answer

$$60 	imes 1.2 = 72$$ grams

Question 11

Which vitamin is essential for both transamination and deamination reactions in amino acid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B6

Question 12

Which of the following is a potential risk of a poorly planned vegan diet?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency in vitamin B12

Question 13

What is the main reason why animal proteins are considered higher quality than most plant proteins?

Accepted Answer

They contain all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 15

A patient with chronic kidney disease is advised to limit protein intake. What is the main reason for this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Excess protein increases the workload on the kidneys due to nitrogen excretion

Question 16

Which of the following meals provides complementary proteins?

Accepted Answer

Peanut butter on whole wheat bread

Question 17

Which symptom is most characteristic of marasmus?

Accepted Answer

Severe wasting of muscle and fat tissue

Question 18

Which of the following statements about protein supplements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Whole foods are generally preferred over supplements for most people

Question 19

Which of the following best describes mutual supplementation?

Accepted Answer

Combining two or more incomplete proteins to provide all essential amino acids

Question 20

A person consumes 100 g of protein per day and excretes 16 g of nitrogen per day. If 1 g of nitrogen is equivalent to 6.25 g of protein, what is their nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

$$100 \div 6.25 = 16 g $$nitrogen consumed; 16 - 16 = 0$ (nitrogen balance)

Proteins: Structure, Function, Digestion, Requirements, and Vegetarian Diets

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