Question 1

Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for increasing hunger, and where is it secreted from?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin, secreted from the stomach

Question 2

A patient with a damaged ventromedial hypothalamus is most likely to exhibit which of the following behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled eating leading to obesity

Question 3

Which hormone is released in response to increased blood glucose and acts to decrease hunger?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 4

Leptin is produced by adipose tissue and signals the hypothalamus to reduce food intake. Why might administering leptin to an obese individual not result in significant weight loss?

Accepted Answer

Obese individuals are resistant to leptin's effects

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the vagus nerve in regulating eating behavior?

Accepted Answer

It carries information about fullness and nutrient composition from the gut to the brain

Question 6

A person who frequently chooses large serving sizes, snacks on salty foods, and eats quickly at buffets is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Be at increased risk of obesity due to behavioral influences

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a hormone that increases satiety?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 8

Twin studies have shown that identical twins are more likely to have similar body weights than fraternal twins. What does this suggest about the regulation of body weight?

Accepted Answer

Genetic factors play a significant role in body weight regulation

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why modern humans may struggle with obesity, according to the 'thrifty gene' hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Genes that favored fat storage were advantageous in environments with inconsistent food supply

Question 10

A person who experiences increased hunger after skipping breakfast is most likely experiencing which type of influence on eating behavior?

Accepted Answer

Biological influence

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a psychological influence on eating behavior?

Accepted Answer

Feeling hungry after seeing a commercial for pizza

Question 12

If a mouse is unable to produce leptin, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The mouse will eat excessively and become obese

Question 13

Which of the following is a social-cultural influence on eating behavior?

Accepted Answer

Norms about appropriate body weight

Question 14

A person who eats more when feeling sad or stressed is demonstrating which type of influence on eating behavior?

Accepted Answer

Psychological influence

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between nutrient levels in the blood and hypothalamic regulation of hunger?

Accepted Answer

Low nutrient levels stimulate the hunger center

Question 16

A person who switches from a traditional diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fish to a standard American diet high in processed foods is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of obesity

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between energy intake, energy expenditure, and body weight change?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta W = E_{in} - E_{out} $$

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible reason why portion sizes have increased in recent decades, contributing to higher rates of obesity?

Accepted Answer

Societal trends favoring larger servings and calorie-dense foods

Question 19

A person who requests extra vegetables and chooses low-calorie menu options at a fast-food restaurant is most likely engaging in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Supporting the consumer movement for healthier food choices

Regulation of Energy Intake: Hunger, Satiety, and Influences on Eating Behavior

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