Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating hunger and is released by the stomach when it is empty?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 2

A patient with leptin insensitivity is likely to experience which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty regulating food intake, leading to weight gain

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in hunger and satiety regulation?

Accepted Answer

It integrates sensory and hormonal signals to regulate hunger and satiety.

Question 4

Which hormone is released in response to increased blood glucose levels and promotes the uptake of glucose by the liver?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 5

Which of the following statements about accessory organs is correct?

Accepted Answer

Accessory organs secrete substances that aid in digestion but food does not pass through them.

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for the chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 7

Peristalsis in the digestive tract is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Muscular waves that move food through the GI tract

Question 8

Which of the following best explains how bile aids in the digestion of fats?

Accepted Answer

Bile allows fat to spread out in the liquid of the chyme so that lipases can act upon it.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and formation of feces

Question 10

Which of the following types of nutrient absorption requires a carrier protein but does NOT require energy?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 11

After absorption, which nutrients bypass the hepatic portal vein and are instead transported via the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins

Question 12

Which of the following is a role of the gut microbiome in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of prebiotics in the diet?

Accepted Answer

They provide nourishment to gut bacteria with foods our system can’t digest.

Question 14

A person is experiencing frequent heartburn. Which of the following is a common trigger for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Eating too large a meal in a short period

Question 15

Which of the following is the most important dietary component for the prevention of colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Fiber

Question 16

Which of the following is a common cause of peptic ulcers?

Accepted Answer

H. pylori bacteria

Question 17

Which of the following steps can help decrease the risk of constipation?

Accepted Answer

Drink plenty of water and eat a diet high in fiber

Question 18

Which macronutrient undergoes the most digestion in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the small intestine is true?

Accepted Answer

The small intestine is divided into three main sections.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes mechanical digestion?

Accepted Answer

It increases the surface area of food for enzyme action.

The Human Body & Digestion: Hunger, Satiety, Hormones, and the Digestive System

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