Q: Calculate the total kilocalories provided by a meal containing 60 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of fat, and 30 grams of protein. Use the following energy values: carbohydrate = $$4\ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9\ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$, protein = $$4\ \mathrm{kcal/g}.$$

$$60 \times 4 + 20 \times 9 + 30 \times 4 = 240 + 180 + 120 = 540\ \mathrm{kcal}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of non-carbohydrate substrates, such as amino acids, into glucose.

Question 2

A patient with Type 1 diabetes is experiencing high blood glucose levels. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas does not produce enough insulin due to autoimmune destruction of beta cells.

Question 3

Calculate the total kilocalories provided by a meal containing 60 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of fat, and 30 grams of protein. Use the following energy values: carbohydrate = $$4\ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$, fat = $$9\ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$, protein = $$4\ \mathrm{kcal/g}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$60 	imes 4 + 20 	imes 9 + 30 	imes 4 = 240 + 180 + 120 = 540\ \mathrm{kcal}$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber can help lower blood cholesterol and regulate blood glucose.

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for the final breakdown of disaccharides into monosaccharides at the brush border of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Brush border enzymes such as maltase, sucrase, and lactase

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 7

A food label lists 'partially hydrogenated vegetable oil' in the ingredients. What does this indicate about the fat content?

Accepted Answer

The food contains trans fats, which are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They serve as the primary component of cell membranes.

Question 9

After absorption, most dietary fats are transported from the small intestine to the bloodstream via which pathway?

Accepted Answer

Through the lymphatic system as part of chylomicrons

Question 10

Which of the following statements about protein structure is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

All amino acids contain a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydrogen atom, and a unique side chain (R group).

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

The loss of a protein's three-dimensional structure and function due to heat, acid, or other factors.

Question 12

A child with a swollen abdomen, edema, and changes in hair color is most likely suffering from which form of protein malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

Kwashiorkor

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why it is important to consume enough carbohydrates and fats in the diet?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the body from using proteins for energy, allowing proteins to be used for growth and repair.

Question 14

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid, and what is its alternative name?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes mutual supplementation?

Accepted Answer

Combining two incomplete protein sources to provide all essential amino acids.

Question 16

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Obesity and physical inactivity

Question 17

Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of proteins in the stomach, and what is its optimal pH?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin; optimal at low pH (acidic environment)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is released when blood glucose is high and promotes glucose uptake by cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a health risk associated with excessive intake of added sugars?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 20

A person is in negative nitrogen balance. Which of the following scenarios best explains this state?

Accepted Answer

An individual recovering from severe burns or trauma

Unit 2 Nutrition Review: Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins

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