Question 1

Which of the following best explains why a young, lean adult male typically has a higher percentage of body water compared to an overweight adult female?

Accepted Answer

Because muscle tissue contains more water than fat tissue, and young, lean males have more muscle mass.

Question 2

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between total body water, intracellular fluid, and extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

$$Total\ Body\ Water = Intracellular\ Fluid + Extracellular\ Fluid$$

Question 3

A patient is admitted to the hospital with symptoms of confusion, muscle cramps, and swelling. Laboratory results show low blood sodium levels. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Overhydration (water intoxication)

Question 4

During osmosis, water moves across a cell membrane from an area of:

Accepted Answer

Low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Question 5

Which of the following is a universal function of water in the body?

Accepted Answer

Serves as a solvent for cellular reactions

Question 6

A marathon runner collapses after drinking large amounts of water but not replacing electrolytes. What is the most likely cause of their symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia due to dilution of blood sodium

Question 7

Which hormone is primarily responsible for reducing urine output and retaining water in the body?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

If a cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than inside the cell, what will happen to the water movement?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support for bones

Question 10

A person is experiencing excessive thirst and low urine output. Which hormone is likely elevated?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios would most likely increase an individual's daily water requirement?

Accepted Answer

Participating in a vigorous exercise class

Question 12

Which of the following beverages is most likely to contribute to dehydration if consumed in excess?

Accepted Answer

Sugary drinks

Question 13

Which of the following statements about fluid balance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intake includes both water in fluids and water in food.

Question 14

If a person is dehydrated, which of the following changes would you expect to see in their urine color?

Accepted Answer

Urine becomes darker in color.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a membrane.

Question 16

A diuretic increases urine production. What effect does this have on body fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

It decreases body water by increasing fluid loss.

Question 17

Which of the following is a major way the body monitors hydration status?

Accepted Answer

Sodium content of blood measured by the hypothalamus.

Question 18

Which of the following populations is at greatest risk for dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Elderly individuals and infants

Question 19

Which of the following statements about antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is correct?

Accepted Answer

ADH is released in response to high blood sodium concentration.

Question 20

A person drinks a large amount of water in a short period after intense exercise without consuming electrolytes. What is the most likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Development of hyponatremia

Water and Fluid Balance in Human Nutrition: Study Notes

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