Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why water-soluble vitamins are less likely to cause toxicity compared to fat-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed and excreted in urine, so excess amounts are not stored in the body.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of numbness, tingling in the hands and feet, and difficulty walking. Laboratory tests reveal macrocytic anemia. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B\_{12} (Cobalamin)

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the primary function of B vitamins in the body?

Accepted Answer

They act as coenzymes that help activate enzymes involved in energy metabolism.

Question 4

A person who consumes a diet consisting mainly of plain pasta, chicken nuggets, carrots, and soda is most at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency in multiple B vitamins

Question 5

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with the disease pellagra, and what are the classic symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B\_3 (Niacin); dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

Question 6

Why is it difficult to isolate the symptoms of deficiency of one of the B vitamins?

Accepted Answer

B vitamins have similar functions, and deficiencies can cause overlapping symptoms.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about vitamin C is true?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant and is important for collagen synthesis.

Question 8

A pregnant woman is advised to take a folic acid supplement. What is the primary reason for this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid significantly reduces the likelihood of neural tube defects in the developing fetus.

Question 9

Which of the following vitamins is most likely to build up to the point of toxicity with excessive intake?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the difference in absorption between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins require bile for absorption and are transported via lymph, while water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the blood.

Question 11

A deficiency in which vitamin is most likely to result in scurvy, and what is the primary function of this vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid); collagen synthesis and antioxidant protection

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a B vitamin and its deficiency disease?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B\_3 (Niacin) – Pellagra

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of vitamin B\_6 (Pyridoxine) in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is important for amino acid and protein metabolism.

Question 14

A patient presents with severe fatigue, inflamed tongue, and cracks at the corners of the mouth. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B\_2 (Riboflavin)

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the storage of vitamins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and adipose tissue, while water-soluble vitamins are not stored in significant amounts.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of vitamin B\_9 (Folate)?

Accepted Answer

Helps make DNA and red blood cells; deficiency causes neural tube defects.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why people who eat mostly refined grains and little variety in their diet are at risk for B vitamin deficiencies?

Accepted Answer

Refined grains have had many B vitamins removed during processing.

Question 18

Which of the following vitamins is NOT classified as a water-soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Question 19

Which of the following statements about vitamin C and the B vitamins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both vitamin C and B vitamins are water-soluble.

Water-Soluble Vitamins: Structure, Function, and Deficiency

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