객관식
Which of the following best represents a valid Lewis structure for (butanoic acid)?
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1. A Review of General Chemistry
Lewis Structure
객관식
Which of the following best represents the correct Lewis structure for the formate ion, ?
A
A central carbon atom double-bonded to both oxygen atoms and single-bonded to a hydrogen atom
B
A central carbon atom single-bonded to two oxygen atoms (each with a negative charge ) and single-bonded to a hydrogen atom
C
A central carbon atom double-bonded to one oxygen atom, single-bonded to another oxygen atom (with a negative charge ), and single-bonded to a hydrogen atom
D
A central carbon atom single-bonded to a hydrogen atom and triple-bonded to one oxygen atom
검증된 단계별 안내1
Step 1: Identify the molecular formula and charge of the formate ion, which is HCO\_2\(\textsuperscript{−}\). This means the ion contains one carbon, one hydrogen, two oxygens, and carries an overall negative charge.
Step 2: Determine the total number of valence electrons to be used in the Lewis structure. Carbon has 4 valence electrons, hydrogen has 1, each oxygen has 6, and add 1 extra electron for the negative charge. So, total valence electrons = 4 + 1 + (2 \(\times\) 6) + 1.
Step 3: Arrange the atoms with carbon as the central atom bonded to the hydrogen and the two oxygens. Connect the atoms with single bonds initially, using 2 electrons per bond.
Step 4: Distribute the remaining electrons to satisfy the octet rule for oxygen atoms first, then carbon. To minimize formal charges, form a double bond between carbon and one oxygen atom, and a single bond between carbon and the other oxygen atom, which will carry the negative charge.
Step 5: Verify the formal charges on each atom to ensure the most stable structure. The oxygen with the single bond should have a formal charge of -1, carbon and the other oxygen should have formal charges of zero, and hydrogen always has zero formal charge.
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