Briefly explain why ring opening takes place in opposite directions in the reactions shown below.

For Reaction 1, ring opening takes place in the indicated direction because tetraalkylammonium group can stabilize positive charge.
For Reaction 2, ring opening takes place in the indicated direction because the ethoxy group is a weaker electron donating group compared to the tetraalkylammonium group.

For Reaction 1, ring opening takes place in the indicated direction because the tetraalkylammonium group is an electron donating group.
For Reaction 2, ring opening takes place in the indicated direction because an ethoxy group is an electron withdrawing group.

For Reaction 1, ring opening takes place in the indicated direction to form a stable carbocation intermediate.
For Reaction 2, ring opening takes place in the indicated direction to avoid the formation of carbocation intermediate.

For Reaction 1, ring opening takes place in the indicated direction to avoid the formation of an unstable intermediate.
For Reaction 2, ring opening takes place in the indicated direction to form a stable carbocation intermediate.