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Acetylide definitions

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  • Terminal Alkyne
    A hydrocarbon with a triple bond at the end of the chain, featuring a hydrogen directly bonded to a triple-bonded carbon.
  • Hybridization Effect
    An influence on acidity where increased s-character in a hybrid orbital leads to greater acidity of a hydrogen atom.
  • sp Hybridization
    A state where a carbon forms two groups, resulting in 50% s-character and contributing to higher acidity.
  • pKa
    A numerical value indicating the acidity of a compound; lower values mean stronger acids, especially notable for hydrocarbons.
  • Sodium Amide
    A strong, small base used to deprotonate terminal alkynes, generating nucleophilic species for further reactions.
  • Sodium Alkynide
    A negatively charged species formed by deprotonating a terminal alkyne, often paired with a sodium ion and acting as a nucleophile.
  • Nucleophilic Substitution
    A reaction where a nucleophile replaces a leaving group, such as a halide, on a carbon atom.
  • Primary Alkyl Halide
    An alkyl halide where the halogen is attached to a carbon bonded to only one other carbon, favoring SN2 reactions.
  • SN2 Reaction
    A one-step substitution mechanism where a nucleophile attacks a carbon, displacing a leaving group simultaneously.
  • Multistep Synthesis
    A sequence of chemical reactions designed to build complex molecules from simpler starting materials.
  • Dehydrohalogenation
    A process where a base removes hydrogen and halide atoms from adjacent carbons, forming multiple bonds.
  • Vicinal Dihalide
    A molecule with two halogen atoms attached to neighboring carbons, serving as a precursor for elimination reactions.
  • Beta Hydrogen
    A hydrogen atom located on the carbon adjacent to the one bearing a leaving group, targeted during elimination.
  • Leaving Group
    An atom or group, such as a halide, that departs with a pair of electrons during a substitution or elimination reaction.
  • Internal Alkyne
    A molecule with a triple bond located between two carbons, not at the end of the carbon chain.