Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar in their open-chain forms?

Accepted Answer

Aldoses contain an aldehyde group, while ketoses contain a ketone group.

Question 2

Which suffix is commonly used to indicate a sugar molecule in organic chemistry nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

–ose

Question 3

A hexose is a sugar molecule with how many carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct structural formula for D-glucose in its open-chain form?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_2OH{-}C(OH)H{-}C(OH)H{-}C(OH)H{-}C(OH)H{-}CHO}$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about pyranose and furanose forms of sugars is correct?

Accepted Answer

Pyranose forms have a six-membered ring, while furanose forms have a five-membered ring.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a cyclized sugar (such as glucose in solution)?

Accepted Answer

It contains only primary alcohol groups.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the pyranose form of glucose is favored over the furanose form?

Accepted Answer

The six-membered ring is less strained and more stable than the five-membered ring.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct Haworth projection for β-D-glucopyranose?

Accepted Answer

The anomeric OH group is equatorial and points up.

Question 9

Which of the following reactions is responsible for the cyclization of glucose in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Nucleophilic attack of the C-5 hydroxyl group on the C-1 carbonyl carbon.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between D- and L- sugars?

Accepted Answer

D-sugars have the highest-numbered chiral center with the OH group on the right in Fischer projection.

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with a rare metabolic disorder that prevents the formation of furanose rings from hexose sugars. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The patient will have difficulty metabolizing ribose.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct formula for a hexose sugar?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the open-chain form of glucose is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains an aldehyde functional group at C-1.

Question 14

Which of the following sugars is a pentose?

Accepted Answer

Ribose

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the mutarotation of glucose in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

It is the interconversion between α and β anomers via the open-chain form.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of a furanose ring?

Accepted Answer

A five-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct Fischer projection for D-ribose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CHO{-}C(OH)H{-}C(OH)H{-}C(OH)H{-}CH_2OH}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups in monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

They are highly soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct general formula for an aldose sugar with n carbons?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_nH_{2n}O_n}$$

Lecture #31 Carbohydrates: Structure, Classification, and Nomenclature

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