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Cycloalkanes, Stereochemistry, and Organic Reaction Mechanisms: Study Notes

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Newman Projections

  • How to draw a Newman Projection Energy Diagram.
    07:27
  • How sigma bond rotation is visualized
    03:11
  • The energy states of 3 different Newman Projections.
    03:51

Naming Cycloalkanes

  • Name the following alkane
    00:53
  • Determining Root Name
    00:18
  • Determining Root Name
    00:34

Ring Strain

  • Understanding Heat of Combustion
    01:11
  • What is torsional strain?
    02:00
  • Lowest Heat of Combustion
    02:34

Axial vs Equatorial

  • What is a chair conformation?
    01:05
  • How chairs flip from one conformation to another
    02:22
  • How chairs flip from one conformation to another
    04:26

Equatorial Preference

  • Equatorial Preference
    04:02
  • Draw the following chair in the most stable conformation.
    03:17

Cis vs Trans Conformations

  • Is the following cyclohexane cis or trans?
    00:44
  • How to draw chairs.
    01:18
  • Is the following cyclohexane cis or trans?
    00:27

Chair Flip

  • The 3 important factors when drawing chairs
    05:12

Types of Isomers

  • Determining when molecules are conformers.
    01:39
  • Determining when molecules are different.
    03:51
  • Determining when molecules are constitutional isomers.
    01:33

Chirality

  • Drawing Mirror Images and Determining Chirality
    03:24
  • What is chirality?
    05:10
  • Drawing Mirror Images and Determining Chirality
    03:44

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Nomenclature

  • R and S Naming- Step 4
    03:07
  • Why stereoisomers need their own naming system.
    01:48
  • Determining Priorities
    01:19

Types of Stereoisomers

  • Determine total number of stereoisomers
    00:49
  • How to predict the total number of stereoisomers.
    01:03
  • Draw stereoisomers and determine relationship
    07:41

Meso Compounds

  • Defining meso compounds.
    01:40
  • The 3 rules of meso compounds.
    04:10
  • Which of the following molecules are meso?
    03:44

Optical Activity

  • Specific rotation vs. observed rotation.
    05:43

Enantiomeric Excess

  • Calculating Enantiomeric Excess and Observed Rotation
    00:50
  • How to calculate enantiomeric excess.
    04:21
  • Calculating Enantiomeric Excess and Observed Rotation
    03:59

Overview of Chemical Reactions

  • Recognizing Substitution Reactions.
    01:34
  • Recognizing Acid-Base Reactions.
    02:43
  • Recognizing Elimination Reactions.
    00:40

Reaction Mechanism

  • How to tell if charged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:39
  • Nucleophile or Electrophile
    01:49
  • How to tell if uncharged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:48

Equilibrium Constant and pKa

  • The pH scale vs. the pKa scale.
    02:15
  • The relationship between equilibrium constant and pKa.
    02:19
  • Why we use pKa instead of pH.
    01:46

Gibbs Free Energy

  • Intermediates vs. Transition States
    06:55
  • Breaking down the different terms of the Gibbs Free Energy equation.
    05:02

Energy Diagram

  • Favorability and rate of Free Energy Diagrams
    01:14
  • Favorability and rate of Free Energy Diagrams
    00:34
  • Favorability and rate of Free Energy Diagrams
    02:18

The SN2 Mechanism

  • Ranking reactivity toward SN2
    04:03
  • Drawing the SN2 Mechanism
    08:33
  • Understanding the properties of SN2.
    11:57

Addition Reaction

  • Provide the mechanism
    01:15
  • Features of Addition Mechanisms.
    05:39

Naming Alkyl Halides

  • How to name alkyl halides
    01:52
  • Name the following alkyl halide
    01:58
  • Name the following alkyl halide
    03:53