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Exam 2 Study Guide: Stereochemistry, Resonance, and Acid-Base Chemistry

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Chirality

  • Drawing Mirror Images and Determining Chirality
    03:24
  • What is chirality?
    05:10
  • Drawing Mirror Images and Determining Chirality
    03:44

Chirality Test 1 - Internal Line of Symmetry

  • Determining Chirality with Plane of Symmetry
    00:25
  • Determining Chirality with Plane of Symmetry
    01:10
  • How and when to use the internal line of symmetry test.
    01:25

Chirality Test 2 - Stereocenters

  • Determining Chirality using Stereocenter
    02:25
  • Determining Chirality using Stereocenter
    00:36
  • The difference between chiral and trigonal centers.
    02:38

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Nomenclature

  • R and S Naming- Step 4
    03:07
  • Why stereoisomers need their own naming system.
    01:48
  • Determining Priorities
    01:19

Types of Stereoisomers

  • Determine total number of stereoisomers
    00:49
  • How to predict the total number of stereoisomers.
    01:03
  • Draw stereoisomers and determine relationship
    07:41

Meso Compounds

  • Defining meso compounds.
    01:40
  • The 3 rules of meso compounds.
    04:10
  • Which of the following molecules are meso?
    03:44

Isometric Relationships

  • Same atoms, same connectivity, 1 chiral center.
    01:40
  • Same atoms, same connectivity, 1 or more trigonal centers.
    02:05
  • Different atoms or different connectivity.
    01:41

Optical Activity

  • Specific rotation vs. observed rotation.
    05:43

Enantiomeric Excess

  • Calculating Enantiomeric Excess and Observed Rotation
    00:50
  • How to calculate enantiomeric excess.
    04:21
  • Calculating Enantiomeric Excess and Observed Rotation
    03:59

Resonance Structures

  • How to draw a resonance hybrid.
    03:24
  • The rules you need for resonance:
    03:34
  • How to determine which structure is most stable.
    01:32

Formal Charges

  • Calculate the formal charges of ALL atoms.
    02:21
  • Calculating formal and net charge.
    01:34

Hybridization

  • How carbon creates 4 partially-filled orbitals.
    02:53
  • Bond sites, hybridization, and intermediate orbitals
    04:58
  • Introduction to the reactive intermediates.
    02:47

Acid and Base Definitions

  • Lewis vs. Bronsted-Lowry Definition
    07:46
  • The Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases.
    00:54
  • Equilibrium constant and conjugates.
    02:11

pKa Values

  • Identifying pKa values
    07:45
  • The 12 pKa values you want to memorize (because they are important!).
    09:36

Acid Base Equilibrium

  • The 3 steps for determining the direction of acid and base equilibrium.
    05:11
  • Determining Acid/Base Equilibrium
    04:00
  • Determining Acid/Base Equilibrium
    02:34

Factors Affecting Acidity

  • Which of the oxides is the most basic?
    00:30
  • The 3 factors that determine the strength of inductive effects.
    03:09
  • Using Inductive Effect to determine acidity
    01:54