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Organic Chemistry Exam Study Guide: Mechanisms, Conformations, Resonance, and Acidity

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Reaction Mechanism

  • How to tell if charged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:39
  • Nucleophile or Electrophile
    01:49
  • How to tell if uncharged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:48

Formal Charges

  • Calculate the formal charges of ALL atoms.
    02:21
  • Calculating formal and net charge.
    01:34

Resonance Structures

  • How to draw a resonance hybrid.
    03:24
  • The rules you need for resonance:
    03:34
  • How to determine which structure is most stable.
    01:32

pKa Values

  • Identifying pKa values
    07:45
  • The 12 pKa values you want to memorize (because they are important!).
    09:36

Conformational Isomers

  • Understanding what a conformer is.
    03:29

Newman Projections

  • How to draw a Newman Projection Energy Diagram.
    07:27
  • How sigma bond rotation is visualized
    03:11
  • The energy states of 3 different Newman Projections.
    03:51

Molecular Geometry

  • Predict the hybridization and molecular geometry
    01:54
  • Molecular Geometry Explained.
    07:44

Hybridization

  • How carbon creates 4 partially-filled orbitals.
    02:53
  • Bond sites, hybridization, and intermediate orbitals
    04:58
  • Introduction to the reactive intermediates.
    02:47

Carbocation Intermediates – Stability

  • Determining Carbocation Stability
    05:58
  • Predicting the most stable carbocation
    01:21

Addition Reaction

  • Provide the mechanism
    01:15
  • Features of Addition Mechanisms.
    05:39

Markovnikov

  • Provide the mechanism
    01:26
  • How to add to asymmetrical double bonds.
    03:38

Energy Diagram

  • Favorability and rate of Free Energy Diagrams
    01:14
  • Favorability and rate of Free Energy Diagrams
    00:34
  • Favorability and rate of Free Energy Diagrams
    02:18

Acid and Base Definitions

  • Lewis vs. Bronsted-Lowry Definition
    07:46
  • The Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases.
    00:54
  • Equilibrium constant and conjugates.
    02:11