Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

It links amino acids together to form a polypeptide using instructions from mRNA.

Question 2

Given the DNA sequence 3' GGG TAC GAT 5', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5' CCC AUG CUA 3'$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is universal and redundant, meaning most amino acids are coded by more than one codon.

Question 4

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA reads codons on mRNA and brings the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome.

Question 5

Which of the following codons is a start codon in eukaryotic translation?

Accepted Answer

$$AUG$$

Question 6

A mutation changes the codon $$UAC to$$ $$UAA in an $$mRNA sequence. What is the most likely effect on the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate prematurely because $$UAA is a $$stop codon.

Question 7

Which enzyme is responsible for attaching the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA?

Accepted Answer

tRNA synthase (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase)

Question 8

During translation, which direction is the mRNA read by the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is considered redundant?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT required for translation?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 11

What is the role of the anticodon on a tRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

It pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA to ensure the correct amino acid is added.

Question 12

Which of the following events occurs during the elongation phase of translation?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds as the ribosome moves along the mRNA.

Question 13

Which of the following is a stop codon?

Accepted Answer

$$UAA$$

Question 14

Where in the cell does translation primarily occur?

Accepted Answer

In the cytoplasm and at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process by which information in mRNA is converted to a protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 16

A scientist discovers a new organism whose genetic code uses four bases per codon. How many possible codons could this organism have?

Accepted Answer

$$4^4 = 256$

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

They bind to promoter regions to regulate gene transcription.

Question 18

What is the effect of phosphorylation on RB proteins in the regulation of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation inactivates RB proteins, allowing transcription factors to activate gene expression.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why every three bases in mRNA code for one amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Three bases allow for 64 possible codons, which is enough to code for all 20 amino acids.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a form of RNA involved in translation?

Accepted Answer

snRNA

Study Notes: The Molecular Biology of Translation and the Genetic Code

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