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Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Stereochemistry in Organic Chemistry: Structured Study Notes

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Gibbs Free Energy

  • Intermediates vs. Transition States
    06:55
  • Breaking down the different terms of the Gibbs Free Energy equation.
    05:02

Enthalpy

  • How to calculate enthalpy using bond dissociation energies.
    04:09
  • Calculating Enthalpies
    04:38

Entropy

  • 3 ways to increase entropy.
    07:11
  • Explaining what entropy is.
    02:46

Equilibrium Constant and pKa

  • The pH scale vs. the pKa scale.
    02:15
  • The relationship between equilibrium constant and pKa.
    02:19
  • Why we use pKa instead of pH.
    01:46

Reaction Mechanism

  • How to tell if charged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:39
  • Nucleophile or Electrophile
    01:49
  • How to tell if uncharged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:48

Hammond Postulate

  • Defining the Hammond Postulate.
    01:30
  • Bromination explains the Hammond Postulate.
    02:58
  • Chlorination explains the Hammond Postulate.
    05:23

Isometric Relationships

  • Same atoms, same connectivity, 1 chiral center.
    01:40
  • Same atoms, same connectivity, 1 or more trigonal centers.
    02:05
  • Different atoms or different connectivity.
    01:41

Chirality

  • Drawing Mirror Images and Determining Chirality
    03:24
  • What is chirality?
    05:10
  • Drawing Mirror Images and Determining Chirality
    03:44

Chirality Test 1 - Internal Line of Symmetry

  • Determining Chirality with Plane of Symmetry
    00:25
  • Determining Chirality with Plane of Symmetry
    01:10
  • How and when to use the internal line of symmetry test.
    01:25

Chirality Test 2 - Stereocenters

  • Determining Chirality using Stereocenter
    02:25
  • Determining Chirality using Stereocenter
    00:36
  • The difference between chiral and trigonal centers.
    02:38

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Nomenclature

  • R and S Naming- Step 4
    03:07
  • Why stereoisomers need their own naming system.
    01:48
  • Determining Priorities
    01:19

Types of Stereoisomers

  • Determine total number of stereoisomers
    00:49
  • How to predict the total number of stereoisomers.
    01:03
  • Draw stereoisomers and determine relationship
    07:41

Meso Compounds

  • Defining meso compounds.
    01:40
  • The 3 rules of meso compounds.
    04:10
  • Which of the following molecules are meso?
    03:44

Optical Activity

  • Specific rotation vs. observed rotation.
    05:43

Enantiomeric Excess

  • Calculating Enantiomeric Excess and Observed Rotation
    00:50
  • How to calculate enantiomeric excess.
    04:21
  • Calculating Enantiomeric Excess and Observed Rotation
    03:59

Calculations with Enantiomeric Percentages

  • Calculating EE, percent of each enantiomer, and sketching mixture
    03:08
  • How to solve for the percentage of each enantiomer.
    03:23

Types of Isomers

  • Determining when molecules are conformers.
    01:39
  • Determining when molecules are different.
    03:51
  • Determining when molecules are constitutional isomers.
    01:33