Question 1

A patient with HIV is admitted with a CD4 cell count of 180 cells/mm³. Which of the following best describes the diagnostic criterion for AIDS?

Accepted Answer

CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/mm³ and presence of an opportunistic infection

Question 2

A nurse is teaching a patient about antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the purpose of ART?

Accepted Answer

ART helps suppress the HIV virus and increases CD4 cell count

Question 3

A patient receiving chemotherapy reports nausea and vomiting. Which nursing action is most appropriate to relieve this complication?

Accepted Answer

Administer prescribed antiemetic before chemotherapy

Question 4

Which of the following foods is highest in phosphate and should be limited in patients with hyperphosphatemia?

Accepted Answer

Nuts

Question 5

A patient with cancer is receiving radiation therapy. Which teaching point should the nurse emphasize to prevent complications?

Accepted Answer

Avoid exposing the treated area to sunlight

Question 6

A patient presents with confusion, muscle weakness, and a serum sodium level of 128 mEq/L. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 7

A nurse is caring for a patient with neutropenia following chemotherapy. Which action should be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?

Accepted Answer

Assist with daily hygiene

Question 8

A patient with chronic HIV is asymptomatic. Which of the following best describes this stage?

Accepted Answer

The patient has no symptoms but the virus is still replicating

Question 9

A patient is receiving intravenous potassium chloride (KCL) for hypokalemia. What is the maximal recommended rate of administration?

Accepted Answer

10 mEq/hr

Question 10

A patient with cancer has developed metastasis. Which sign or symptom is most likely associated with metastatic disease?

Accepted Answer

Unexplained weight loss

Question 11

A patient presents with the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: $$	ext{pH} = 7.30$$, $$	ext{PaCO}_2 = 50$$ mmHg, $$	ext{HCO}_3^- = 24$$ mEq/L. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Question 12

A nurse is caring for an elderly patient with dehydration. Which sign is most likely to be observed?

Accepted Answer

Dry mucous membranes

Question 13

A patient is prescribed interferon for cancer treatment. Which side effect should the nurse monitor for?

Accepted Answer

Flu-like symptoms

Question 14

A patient with hypovolemia is admitted to the hospital. Which solution is most appropriate for initial fluid replacement?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic solution (e.g., normal saline)

Question 15

A patient with cancer is scheduled for a biopsy. What is the primary purpose of this procedure?

Accepted Answer

To obtain tissue for diagnosis

Question 16

A patient with hyperkalemia is admitted. Which ECG change is most likely to be observed?

Accepted Answer

Peaked T waves

Question 17

A nurse is teaching a patient about healthy food choices during chemotherapy. Which nutrient is most important to prevent malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 18

A patient presents with muscle cramps, tetany, and a serum calcium level of 7.5 mg/dL. Which treatment is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Administer intravenous calcium gluconate

Question 19

A patient is admitted with metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following is a likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Excessive vomiting

Question 20

A nurse is prioritizing care for a patient with severe hypernatremia and altered level of consciousness (LOC). What is the first action?

Accepted Answer

Assess airway and breathing

Major Diseases, Infectious Diseases, and Fluid & Electrolyte Balance: Study Guide

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