Question 1

Which component of total daily energy expenditure is the most modifiable and should be targeted for long-term weight management strategies?

Accepted Answer

Energy spent in physical activity

Question 2

A 25-year-old male increases his lean muscle mass through resistance training. What is the expected effect on his basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

His BMR will increase due to higher lean body mass.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous adipose tissue is the larger storage compartment under the skin, while visceral adipose tissue surrounds internal organs and is more strongly associated with obesity-related health risks.

Question 4

Which of the following factors would most likely decrease an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Female gender

Question 5

A patient presents with early-onset obesity and constant hunger. Genetic testing reveals a mutation in the leptin gene. What is the most likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Hyperphagia due to lack of satiety signaling

Question 6

Which equation best represents the calculation of total daily energy expenditure ($$TDEE$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$TDEE = BMR + TEF + PA$$

Question 7

Which type of adipose tissue is most abundant in adults and primarily functions as an energy reservoir?

Accepted Answer

White adipose tissue

Question 8

Adipose tissue remodeling in obesity often involves hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia. What is a key consequence of adipocyte hypertrophy?

Accepted Answer

Increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and impaired metabolism

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the thermic effect of food (TEF) is correct?

Accepted Answer

High protein meals have the highest TEF.

Question 10

A person with predominantly visceral fat accumulation is at increased risk for which of the following health conditions?

Accepted Answer

Stroke and metabolic abnormalities

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why adipose tissue hyperplasia is considered protective against obesity-related health risks?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a metabolic sink, preventing harmful ectopic fat deposition in lean tissues.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of adipokines produced by adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Promotion of chronic inflammation in healthy fat

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in a decrease in total daily energy expenditure ($$TDEE$$)?

Accepted Answer

Older age and reduced physical activity

Question 14

A mutation in which gene is most commonly associated with monogenic obesity characterized by early-onset and hyperphagia?

Accepted Answer

Leptin gene

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of brown adipose tissue in adults?

Accepted Answer

It is least abundant and contributes to adaptive thermogenesis and body temperature regulation.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly expresses the relationship between basal metabolic rate ($$BMR$$), physical activity ($$PA$$), and thermic effect of food ($$TEF) in $$determining total daily energy expenditure ($$TDEE$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$TDEE = BMR + PA + TEF$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct consequence of ectopic fat deposition in organs such as the liver and pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Cell dysfunction, impaired metabolism, and increased risk of cell death

Question 18

Which of the following lifestyle changes would most effectively increase an individual's total daily energy expenditure ($$TDEE$$)?

Accepted Answer

Increasing non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) such as walking and cleaning

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the heritability of body weight is correct?

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins show higher concordance in body weight than dizygotic twins, even when raised apart.

Question 20

A patient with obesity develops obstructive sleep apnea and osteoarthritis. These conditions are most likely due to which consequence of increased adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive responses in organ anatomy and increased biomechanical stress

Physiological Aspects of Obesity: Energy Expenditure, Adipose Tissue, and Genetic Influences

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