Question 1

Which of the following best describes the atomic arrangement in a solid, as shown in the provided diagram?

Accepted Answer

Atoms vibrate around fixed equilibrium positions, connected by spring-like molecular bonds.

Question 2

A liquid is nearly incompressible because:

Accepted Answer

Its atoms are as close together as possible, but can slide around each other.

Question 3

Which process describes the transition from liquid to gas?

Accepted Answer

Boil

Question 4

Given the mass density formula $$\rho = \frac{M}{V}$$, what is the density of a 2 kg block of aluminum with a volume of 0.00074 m$$^3$$?

Accepted Answer

$$ho = 2700\ 	ext{kg/m}^3$$

Question 5

Which material listed in the table has the highest mass density?

Accepted Answer

Gold

Question 6

If a 100 m$$^3$$ room contains 10,000 tennis balls, what is the number density?

Accepted Answer

$$N/V = 100\ 	ext{m}^{-3}$$

Question 7

What is the atomic mass number $$A$$ for oxygen, based on the provided table?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 16$$

Question 8

How many moles are in a sample containing $$1.204 	imes 10$$^{24}$$ molecules? (Avogadro's number N_A = 6.02$$ 	imes $$10^{23})$$

Accepted Answer

$$n = 2$$

Question 9

Which equation correctly relates the number of moles to mass and molar mass?

Accepted Answer

$$n = \frac{M}{M_{mol}}$$

Question 10

A thermometer in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings measures the temperature of:

Accepted Answer

All of the liquid, glass, and air.

Question 11

Convert 25°C to Fahrenheit using $$T_F = \frac{9}{5}T_C + 32.$$

Accepted Answer

$$T_F = 77°$$

Question 12

Which statement about absolute zero is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the temperature at which all gases reach zero pressure.

Question 13

The ideal-gas law is given by $$pV = nRT. If a $$sealed container has 2 moles of gas at 300 K and a volume of 0.05 m$$^3$$, what is the pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$p = 9980\ 	ext{Pa}$$

Question 14

For an ideal gas in a sealed container, which equation relates the initial and final states?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{p_f V_f}{T_f} = \frac{p_i V_i}{T_i}$$

Question 15

On a pV diagram, which state has the highest temperature for a fixed amount of ideal gas?

Accepted Answer

The state with the highest product of pressure and volume.

Question 16

A gas in a rigid, sealed container is heated from 100°C to 200°C. By what factor does the pressure change? (Use Kelvin scale)

Accepted Answer

1.3

Question 17

A cylinder of gas with a frictionless piston is compressed at constant temperature. What type of process is this?

Accepted Answer

Isothermal

Question 18

During an adiabatic expansion, what happens to the temperature of the gas?

Accepted Answer

It decreases.

Question 19

If a gas is compressed at constant pressure and its volume is halved, what happens to its temperature?

Accepted Answer

It is doubled.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the ideal-gas model to be valid?

Accepted Answer

High gas density and low temperature.

Chapter 18: A Macroscopic Description of Matter – Study Notes

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