Q: If two masses, $$m_1 = 100$$\ \mathrm{kg}$$ and m_2$ = 75\ \mathrm{kg}$$, are separated by $$r = 2\ \mathrm{m}$$, what is the magnitude of the gravitational force between them? ($$G = 6.674 \times 10$$^{-11}$$\ \mathrm{N\cdot m^2$ / kg^2$})$$

$$F = 2.50 \times 10$$^{-8}$$\ \mathrm{N}$$

Q: Which of the following is a correct application of Kepler's Third Law for planetary motion?

$$\frac{T^2$}{r^3$} = \text{constant}$$ for all planets orbiting the Sun.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation?

Accepted Answer

The gravitational force between two objects is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers: $$F = G \frac{m_1$ m_2$}{r^2$}$$

Question 2

If two masses, $$m_1 = 100$$\ \mathrm{kg}$$ and m_2$ = 75\ \mathrm{kg}$$, are separated by $$r = 2\ \mathrm{m}$$, what is the magnitude of the gravitational force between them? ($$G = 6.674 	imes 10$$^{-11}$$\ \mathrm{N\cdot m^2$ / kg^2$})$$

Accepted Answer

$$F = 2.50 	imes 10$$^{-8}$$\ \mathrm{N}$$

Question 3

Which statement about gravitational forces is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gravitational forces are always attractive and act along the line joining the centers of mass of two bodies.

Question 4

Kepler's Second Law states that:

Accepted Answer

A planet sweeps out equal areas in its orbit in equal times.

Question 5

Which equation represents the gravitational potential energy between two masses $$m$$ and $$M$$ separated by a distance $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$U = -G \frac{mM}{r}$$

Question 6

A satellite is in a circular orbit around Earth. If its total mechanical energy is negative, what does this imply?

Accepted Answer

The satellite is gravitationally bound to Earth.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct application of Kepler's Third Law for planetary motion?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{T^2$}{r^3$} = 	ext{constant}$$ for all planets orbiting the Sun.

Question 8

What is the escape velocity $$v_e$$ from a planet of mass $$M$$ and radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$v_e = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r}}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the analogy between gravitational potential and electric potential?

Accepted Answer

Both are inverse-square law forces and their potentials decrease with increasing distance.

Question 10

A planet has a mass $$M$$ and radius $$R. $$What is the gravitational acceleration $$g at $$its surface?

Accepted Answer

$$g = \frac{GM}{R^2$}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a primary effect of ionizing radiation on biological tissue?

Accepted Answer

Breakage of DNA strands leading to cell death or mutation.

Question 12

Why is it important to minimize the dose of radiation in medical imaging?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the risk of cancer and other long-term health effects.

Question 13

Which statement about the risk of cancer from medical imaging is supported by current studies?

Accepted Answer

Low doses from medical imaging have not been shown to cause cancer in studies so far.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the connection between linear and rotational kinematics?

Accepted Answer

Linear displacement $$x is $$analogous to angular displacement $$	heta$$, velocity $$v to $$angular velocity $$\omega$$, and acceleration $$a to $$angular acceleration $$\alpha.$$

Question 15

What is the formula for the arc length $$s$$ subtended by an angle $$	heta (in $$radians) for a circle of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$s = r 	heta$$

Question 16

Which of the following is true about rolling motion?

Accepted Answer

Rolling motion combines both rotational and translational motion.

Question 17

A wheel of radius $$r$$ rotates with angular velocity $$\omega. $$What is the linear velocity $$v of a $$point on its rim?

Accepted Answer

$$v = r \omega$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of radians in rotational kinematics?

Accepted Answer

Radians are the natural unit for measuring angles in physics because they relate arc length directly to radius.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of large doses of radiation delivered in a short time?

Accepted Answer

It gives less time for biological systems to adapt and recover, increasing the risk of damage.

Gravity, Radiation Biology, and Rotational Kinematics: PHYS 111 Study Notes

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