Question 1

Which of the following statements is a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

If plants are given fertilizer, then they will grow taller.

Question 2

A car travels 120 km in 2 hours. What is its average speed in m/s? (1 km = 1000 m, 1 hour = 3600 s)

Accepted Answer

$$\displaystyle 16.7\ \mathrm{m/s}$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes inertia?

Accepted Answer

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion.

Question 4

A 5 kg object is at rest on a table. What is the normal force acting on it? (Assume $$g = 9.8\ \mathrm{m/s^2$})$$

Accepted Answer

$$\displaystyle 49\ \mathrm{N}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a vector quantity?

Accepted Answer

Velocity

Question 6

A ball is dropped from rest from a height of 20 m. Ignoring air resistance, what is its velocity just before hitting the ground? (Use $$g = 9.8\ \mathrm{m/s^2$})$$

Accepted Answer

$$\displaystyle 14.0\ \mathrm{m/s}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why houses are wired in parallel rather than in series?

Accepted Answer

Parallel wiring allows each device to receive the same voltage.

Question 8

A 10 Ω resistor is connected to a 20 V battery. What is the current through the resistor?

Accepted Answer

$$\displaystyle 2\ \mathrm{A}$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about electromagnetic induction is correct?

Accepted Answer

A changing magnetic field induces an electric current.

Question 10

A wave has a frequency of 500 Hz and a wavelength of 0.6 m. What is its speed?

Accepted Answer

$$\displaystyle 300\ \mathrm{m/s}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between mass density and weight density?

Accepted Answer

Mass density is mass per unit volume; weight density is weight per unit volume.

Question 12

A 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s collides and sticks to a 1 kg object at rest. What is their final velocity after the collision?

Accepted Answer

$$\displaystyle 2\ \mathrm{m/s}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of Newton’s third law?

Accepted Answer

A swimmer pushes water backward, and the water pushes the swimmer forward.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of convection?

Accepted Answer

Heat transfer by the movement of fluids.

Question 15

A 0.5 kg ball is swung in a horizontal circle of radius 2 m at a speed of 4 m/s. What is the centripetal force acting on the ball?

Accepted Answer

$$\displaystyle 4\ \mathrm{N}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the energy changes in a pendulum?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is highest at the endpoints, kinetic energy is highest at the lowest point.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between temperature and heat?

Accepted Answer

Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy; heat is energy transferred due to temperature difference.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement of the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The entropy of an isolated system never decreases.

Question 19

A 1000 kg car moving at 20 m/s comes to a stop in 5 seconds. What is the average force applied to stop the car?

Accepted Answer

$$\displaystyle -4000\ \mathrm{N}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why steam burns are more dangerous than burns from boiling water at the same temperature?

Accepted Answer

Steam releases additional energy as latent heat when it condenses.

Physics Study Guide: Fundamental Concepts, Mechanics, Waves, Electricity, Magnetism, Thermodynamics

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