Q: A 37,000 L diesel tanker is filled in Los Angeles and delivered in Salt Lake City, where the temperature is 23.0 K lower. If the coefficient of volume expansion for diesel is $$9.50 \times 10$$^{-4}$$ / ^\circ C$$, what is the change in volume of the diesel?

$$\Delta V = (37,000\,L)(9.5 \times 10$$^{-4}$$/^\circ C)(-23.0\,K) = -808\,L$$

Question 1

According to the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, if body A is in thermal equilibrium with body T, and body B is also in thermal equilibrium with body T, what can be concluded about the thermal relationship between A and B?

Accepted Answer

A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

Question 2

A 37,000 L diesel tanker is filled in Los Angeles and delivered in Salt Lake City, where the temperature is 23.0 K lower. If the coefficient of volume expansion for diesel is $$9.50 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ / ^\circ C$$, what is the change in volume of the diesel?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta V = (37,000\,L)(9.5 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$/^\circ C)(-23.0\,K) = -808\,L$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the physical meaning of temperature in an ideal gas?

Accepted Answer

It is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

Question 4

A metal ingot of mass $$0.05\,kg is $$heated to $$200^\circ C$$ and dropped into $$0.4\,kg of $$water at $$20^\circ C. $$The final equilibrium temperature is $$22.4^\circ C. $$What is the specific heat capacity $$c_x of $$the metal? (Assume $$c_w = 4190\,J/kg\cdot K)$$

Accepted Answer

$$c_x = 453\,J/kg\cdot K$$

Question 5

Which equation correctly relates the change in internal energy $$\Delta E_{th}$$, heat $$Q$$, and work $$W$$ for a thermodynamic system?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta E_{th} = Q + W$$

Question 6

During an adiabatic process, what is true about the heat exchanged ($$Q) $$and the change in internal energy ($$\Delta E_{th}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = 0$$ and $$\Delta E_{th} = W$$

Question 7

A $$720\,g$$ block of ice at $$-10^\circ C is $$heated until it becomes water at $$15^\circ C. $$Given $$c_{ice} = 2220\,J/kg\cdot K$$, $$L_F = 333\,kJ/kg$$, and $$c_{liq} = 4190\,J/kg\cdot K$$, what is the total heat required?

Accepted Answer

$$Q_{tot} \approx 300\,kJ$$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about heat is correct?

Accepted Answer

Heat is energy transferred due to a temperature difference.

Question 9

In the context of heat transfer, which mechanism does NOT require a medium to transfer energy?

Accepted Answer

Thermal radiation

Question 10

A wall consists of four layers with different thermal conductivities and thicknesses. If the conduction is steady, what can be said about the rate of energy transfer through each layer?

Accepted Answer

The rate of energy transfer is the same through each layer.

Question 11

Which formula gives the rate of thermal conduction through a slab of area $$A$$, thickness $$L$$, and thermal conductivity $$k$$, with temperatures $$T_H$$ and $$T_C at $$its ends?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{cond} = kA \frac{T_H - T_C}{L}$$

Question 12

A gas undergoes a process shown on a $$p$$-$$V$$ diagram. The area under the curve between the initial and final states represents:

Accepted Answer

The work done by the gas during the process.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct expression for the rate at which a surface emits radiative energy?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{rad} = \sigma \epsilon A T^4$

Question 14

If a system absorbs $$Q$$ amount of heat and does $$W$$ amount of work on the environment, what is the change in its internal energy?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta E_{th} = Q + W$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the specific heat capacity $$c of a $$material?

Accepted Answer

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the material by 1 K.

Question 16

A $$1.00\,kg$$ sample of water at $$100^\circ C is $$converted to steam at $$100^\circ C at $$atmospheric pressure. If the latent heat of vaporization is $$2256\,kJ/kg$$, how much heat is absorbed?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = 2256\,kJ$$

Question 17

Which of the following is true for an adiabatic free expansion of an ideal gas?

Accepted Answer

No heat is exchanged and no work is done; $$\Delta E_{th} = 0.$$

Question 18

Which temperature scale is defined so that zero corresponds to the point where the kinetic energy of molecules is zero?

Accepted Answer

Kelvin

Question 19

If the coefficient of linear expansion of a metal is $$\alpha$$, what is the coefficient of volume expansion $$\beta$$ for the same metal?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta = 3\alpha$$

Thermodynamics: Temperature, Heat, and the First Law

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