What particle (a particle, electron, or positron) is emitted in the following radioactive decays?(a) 1427Si→1327Al_{14}^{27}Si\rightarrow_{13}^{27}Al (b) 92238U→90234Th_{92}^{238}U\rightarrow_{90}^{234}Th (c) 3374As→3474Se_{33}^{74}As\rightarrow_{34}^{74}Se

Ch 43: Nuclear Physics

Young & Freedman Calc - University Physics 14th Edition

Young & Freedman Calc14th EditionUniversity PhysicsISBN: 9780321973610당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경

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Young & Freedman Calc 14th Edition

Ch 43: Nuclear Physics

문제 16

43장, 문제 16

What particle (a particle, electron, or positron) is emitted in the following radioactive decays?
(a) $_{14}^{27} S i \to_{13}^{27} A l$
(b) $_{92}^{238} U \to_{90}^{234} T h$
(c) $_{33}^{74} A s \to_{34}^{74} S e$

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the type of decay by analyzing the changes in atomic number (Z) and mass number (A) for each reaction. The atomic number determines the element, while the mass number represents the total number of protons and neutrons.

For part (a): Compare the atomic numbers of Si (Z=14) and Al (Z=13). Since the atomic number decreases by 1, this indicates a beta-plus (β⁺) decay, where a positron (e⁺) is emitted.

For part (b): Compare the atomic numbers of U (Z=92) and Th (Z=90). The atomic number decreases by 2, and the mass number decreases by 4. This is characteristic of alpha (α) decay, where a helium nucleus (⁴₂He) is emitted.

For part (c): Compare the atomic numbers of As (Z=33) and Se (Z=34). Since the atomic number increases by 1, this indicates a beta-minus (β⁻) decay, where an electron (e⁻) is emitted.

Summarize the findings: (a) Positron (e⁺) is emitted, (b) Alpha particle (⁴₂He) is emitted, (c) Electron (e⁻) is emitted. These conclusions are based on the changes in atomic and mass numbers for each decay process.

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Radioactive Decay

Radioactive decay is a process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation. This can occur in various forms, including alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay. Understanding the type of decay is crucial for identifying the particles emitted during the process.

Alpha and Beta Particles

Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, making them identical to helium nuclei. They are emitted during alpha decay and result in a decrease in the atomic number of the parent nucleus. Beta particles, which can be electrons or positrons, are emitted during beta decay, where a neutron transforms into a proton or vice versa, affecting the atomic number.

Nuclear Notation

Nuclear notation is a way of representing isotopes and their decay processes using symbols that include the element's chemical symbol, atomic number, and mass number. For example, in the notation 27 14Si, '14' is the atomic number (number of protons), and '27' is the mass number (total number of protons and neutrons). This notation helps in tracking changes in the nucleus during radioactive decay.

관련 실천

교과서 질문

The atomic mass of $14 C$ is $14.003242$ u. Show that the $β^{-}$ decay of $14 C$ is energetically possible, and calculate the energy released in the decay.

1278

views

교과서 질문

What nuclide is produced in the following radioactive decays?

(a) $α$ decay of $sub 94 to the 239th power P u$

(b) $β^{-}$ decay of $sub 11 to the 24th power N a$

1247

views

교과서 질문

(a) Is the decay $n \to p + β^{-} + \overline{v_{e}}$ energetically possible? If not, explain why not. If so, calculate the total energy released.

(b) Is the decay $n \to p + β^{+} + \overline{v_{e}}$ energetically possible? If not, explain why not. If so, calculate the total energy released.

1399

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교과서 질문

Radioactive isotopes used in cancer therapy have a 'shelf-life,' like pharmaceuticals used in chemotherapy. Just after it has been manufactured in a nuclear reactor, the activity of a sample of $to the 60th power C o$ is $5000$ Ci. When its activity falls below $3500$ Ci, it is considered too weak a source to use in treatment. You work in the radiology department of a large hospital. One of these $to the 60th power C o$ sources in your inventory was manufactured on October 6, 2011. It is now April 6, 2014. Is the source still usable? The half-life of $to the 60th power C o$ is $5.271$ years.

1776

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교과서 질문

The common isotope of uranium, $to the 238th power U$ , has a half-life of $4.47 \times 10^{9}$ years, decaying to $to the 234th power T h$ by alpha emission.

(a) What is the decay constant?

(b) What mass of uranium is required for an activity of $1.00$ curie?

1701

views

교과서 질문

The unstable isotope $to the 40th power K$ is used for dating rock samples. Its half-life is $1.28 \times 10^{9}$ y.

(a) How many decays occur per second in a sample containing $1.63 \times 10^{- 6}$ g of $to the 40th power K$ ?

(b) What is the activity of the sample in curies?

1196

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What particle (a particle, electron, or positron) is emitted in the following radioactive decays?(a) 1427Si→1327Al_{14}^{27}Si\(\rightarrow\)_{13}^{27}Al (b) 92238U→90234Th_{92}^{238}U\(\rightarrow\)_{90}^{234}Th (c) 3374As→3474Se_{33}^{74}As\(\rightarrow\)_{34}^{74}Se

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

주요 개념

Radioactive Decay

Alpha and Beta Particles

Nuclear Notation

What particle (a particle, electron, or positron) is emitted in the following radioactive decays?
(a) $_{14}^{27} S i \to_{13}^{27} A l$
(b) $_{92}^{238} U \to_{90}^{234} T h$
(c) $_{33}^{74} A s \to_{34}^{74} S e$