Question 1

Which of the following best describes the four primary goals of psychology as a science?

Accepted Answer

Description, Explanation, Prediction, Control

Question 2

Wilhelm Wundt is credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1879. What was his main contribution to the development of psychology as a science?

Accepted Answer

He developed the technique of objective introspection to measure thoughts and mental activities.

Question 3

Which psychological perspective emphasizes free will, self-actualization, and the ability of people to direct their own lives?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic Perspective

Question 4

A psychologist wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory performance. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep-deprived group or a control group. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Amount of sleep participants receive

Question 5

Which research method is most appropriate for studying rare psychological conditions in depth?

Accepted Answer

Case Study

Question 6

In a double-blind study, who is unaware of the group assignments?

Accepted Answer

Both the experimenter and the participants

Question 7

A correlation coefficient $$r of$$ $$-0.85$$ indicates:

Accepted Answer

A strong negative relationship between two variables

Question 8

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency that is most affected by extreme scores?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Question 9

A psychologist conducts a survey on stress levels among college students. What is a major disadvantage of using surveys in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Participants may give socially desirable answers rather than truthful ones (courtesy bias).

Question 10

Which ethical guideline requires that participants be informed about the nature of the study and any potential risks before agreeing to participate?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Question 11

If a frequency distribution is positively skewed, where are most of the scores concentrated?

Accepted Answer

At the lower end of the distribution

Question 12

Which subfield of psychology is most likely to study how people adapt to their work environments and improve productivity?

Accepted Answer

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Question 13

Which of the following statements about correlation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Correlation does not prove causation.

Question 14

A psychologist wants to measure the average deviation of test scores from the mean. Which statistical measure should she use?

Accepted Answer

Standard Deviation

Question 15

Which perspective in psychology attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences and hormones?

Accepted Answer

Biopsychological Perspective

Question 16

In an experiment, the group that does NOT receive the independent variable and is used for comparison is called:

Accepted Answer

Control group

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the placebo effect?

Accepted Answer

Participants' expectations influence their behavior in a study.

Question 18

A psychologist is analyzing data from an experiment and finds $$p \u003c .05. $$What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The results are statistically significant and unlikely to have occurred by chance.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of applied research in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Using memory research to develop new study methods for students

Question 20

A psychologist wants to reduce observer bias in a naturalistic observation study. Which procedure would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Using blind observers who do not know the research question

Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology – Historical Development and Perspectives

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