Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'reaction range' in developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

The range of possible outcomes for a trait is determined by genetics, but the environment influences where within that range an individual's phenotype will fall.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study vocabulary growth in children by following the same group of children from age 3 to age 10, testing them every year. What type of study design is this?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal study

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an evocative genotype-environment effect?

Accepted Answer

A child with a naturally outgoing personality receives more social invitations from classmates.

Question 4

According to Piaget, during which stage does a child develop object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Question 5

A child who calls every four-legged animal a 'dog' after learning what a dog is, is demonstrating which cognitive process?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why breastfeeding is especially advantageous in developing countries?

Accepted Answer

Breast milk provides antibodies and reduces the risk of infection, especially where water for formula may be contaminated.

Question 7

Which of the following is a primary emotion that appears early in infancy?

Accepted Answer

Fear

Question 8

A baby is born in a breech presentation. What is the primary risk associated with this type of birth?

Accepted Answer

The baby's head may become stuck, increasing the risk of oxygen deprivation.

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of discontinuous development?

Accepted Answer

A child suddenly begins to think logically about abstract concepts after reaching a certain age.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with maternal tobacco use during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of high birth weight

Question 11

A researcher compares the memory abilities of 5-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and 15-year-olds at the same time. What is a major limitation of this cross-sectional study design?

Accepted Answer

It cannot track individual developmental changes over time.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes Erikson's view of development?

Accepted Answer

Development is shaped by social challenges and continues across the lifespan.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key reason why maternal mortality rates are higher in the United States compared to other developed countries?

Accepted Answer

Significant racial and socioeconomic disparities in access to healthcare.

Question 14

Which stage of labor is characterized by the cervix dilating to 10 cm and the amniotic sac breaking?

Accepted Answer

First stage: Dilation and effacement

Question 15

A child modifies their understanding of animals after learning that a wolf is not a dog. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Accommodation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the sequence of early language development?

Accepted Answer

Cooing → Babbling → One-word stage → Two-word stage → Telegraphic speech

Question 17

Which of the following is a secondary emotion that develops later in childhood?

Accepted Answer

Shame

Question 18

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, how does learning primarily occur?

Accepted Answer

Through social interaction and cultural context

Question 19

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of epigenetics?

Accepted Answer

A person's gene expression changes in response to environmental factors such as diet or stress.

Question 20

A mother experiences persistent sadness, anxiety, and difficulty bonding with her baby several weeks after childbirth. What condition is she most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Postpartum depression

Developmental Psychology: Key Concepts and Theories

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